* Added the Boost format library which provides a safe printf

  replacement.

12 files changed, 2366 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/boost/format.hpp b/boost/format.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5bdada05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format.hpp :  primary header
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include <locale>
+
+#include <boost/format/macros_default.hpp>
+
+namespace boost 
+{
+    template<class E> void throw_exception(E const & e)
+    {
+        throw e;
+    }
+}
+
+#define BOOST_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+
+
+// ****  Forward declarations ----------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/format_fwd.hpp>           // basic_format<Ch,Tr>, and other frontends
+#include <boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp>        // misc forward declarations for internal use
+
+
+// ****  Auxiliary structs (stream_format_state<Ch,Tr> , and format_item<Ch,Tr> )
+#include <boost/format/internals.hpp>    
+
+// ****  Format  class  interface --------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/format_class.hpp>
+
+// **** Exceptions -----------------------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// **** Implementation -------------------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/format_implementation.hpp>   // member functions
+
+#include <boost/format/group.hpp>                   // class for grouping arguments
+
+#include <boost/format/feed_args.hpp>               // argument-feeding functions
+#include <boost/format/parsing.hpp>                 // format-string parsing (member-)functions
+
+// **** Implementation of the free functions ----------------------
+#include <boost/format/free_funcs.hpp>
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/exceptions.hpp b/boost/format/exceptions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79e452449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/exceptions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// exceptions.hpp 
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+namespace boost {
+
+namespace io {
+
+// **** exceptions -----------------------------------------------
+
+class format_error : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+  format_error() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::format_error: "
+      "format generic failure";
+  }
+};
+
+class bad_format_string : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  bad_format_string() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::bad_format_string: "
+      "format-string is ill-formed";
+  }
+};
+
+class too_few_args : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  too_few_args() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::too_few_args: "
+      "format-string refered to more arguments than were passed";
+  }
+};
+
+class too_many_args : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  too_many_args() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::too_many_args: "
+      "format-string refered to less arguments than were passed";
+  }
+};
+
+
+class  out_of_range : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  out_of_range() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::out_of_range: "
+      "tried to refer to an argument (or item) number which is out of range, "
+      "according to the format string.";
+  }
+};
+
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/feed_args.hpp b/boost/format/feed_args.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e678ca3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/feed_args.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// feed_args.hpp :  functions for processing each argument 
+//                      (feed, feed_manip, and distribute)
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format/format_class.hpp"
+#include "boost/format/group.hpp"
+
+//#include "boost/throw_exception.hpp"
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+namespace  { 
+
+  template<class Tr, class Ch> inline
+  void empty_buf(BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostringstream<Ch,Tr> & os) { 
+    static const std::basic_string<Ch, Tr> emptyStr;
+    os.str(emptyStr); 
+  }
+
+  template<class Ch, class Tr>
+  void do_pad( std::basic_string<Ch,Tr> & s, 
+                std::streamsize w, 
+                const Ch c, 
+                std::ios_base::fmtflags f, 
+                bool center) 
+    // applies centered / left / right  padding  to the string s.
+    // Effects : string s is padded.
+  {
+    std::streamsize n=w-s.size();
+    if(n<=0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if(center) 
+      {
+        s.reserve(w); // allocate once for the 2 inserts
+        const std::streamsize n1 = n /2, n0 = n - n1; 
+        s.insert(s.begin(), n0, c);
+        s.append(n1, c);
+      } 
+    else 
+      {
+        if(f & std::ios_base::left) {
+          s.append(n, c);
+        }
+        else {
+          s.insert(s.begin(), n, c);
+        }
+      }
+  } // -do_pad(..) 
+
+
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_head(BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& , const T& ) {
+  }
+
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_head( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, const group1<T>& x ) {
+    os << group_head(x.a1_); // send the first N-1 items, not the last
+  }
+
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, const T& x ) {
+    os << x ;
+  }
+
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, const group1<T>& x ) {
+    os << group_last(x.a1_); // this selects the last element
+  }
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST 
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_head( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& , T& ) {
+  }
+
+  template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, T& x ) {
+    os << x ;
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+
+  
+template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+void put( T x, 
+          const format_item<Ch, Tr>& specs, 
+          std::basic_string<Ch, Tr> & res, 
+          BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostringstream<Ch, Tr>& oss_ )
+{
+  // does the actual conversion of x, with given params, into a string
+  // using the *supplied* strinstream. (the stream state is important)
+
+  typedef std::basic_string<Ch, Tr> string_t;
+  typedef format_item<Ch, Tr>  format_item_t;
+
+  stream_format_state<Ch, Tr>   prev_state(oss_);
+    
+  specs.state_.apply_on(oss_);
+
+  // in case x is a group, apply the manip part of it, 
+  // in order to find width
+  put_head( oss_, x );
+  empty_buf( oss_);
+
+  const std::streamsize w=oss_.width();
+  const std::ios_base::fmtflags fl=oss_.flags();
+  const bool internal = (fl & std::ios_base::internal) != 0;
+  const bool two_stepped_padding = internal
+    &&  ! ( specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::spacepad ) 
+    && specs.truncate_ < 0 ;
+      
+
+  if(! two_stepped_padding) 
+    {
+      if(w>0) // handle simple padding via do_pad, not natively in stream 
+        oss_.width(0);
+      put_last( oss_, x);
+      res = oss_.str();
+
+      if (specs.truncate_ >= 0)
+        res.erase(specs.truncate_);
+
+      // complex pads :
+      if(specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::spacepad)
+        {
+          if( res.size()==0 ||   ( res[0]!='+' && res[0]!='-'  ))
+            {
+              res.insert(res.begin(), 1, ' '); // insert 1 space at  pos 0
+            }
+        }
+      if(w > 0) // need do_pad
+        {
+          do_pad(res,w,oss_.fill(), fl, (specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::centered) !=0 );
+        }
+    } 
+  else  // 2-stepped padding
+    {
+      put_last( oss_, x); // oss_.width() may result in padding.
+      res = oss_.str();
+      
+      if (specs.truncate_ >= 0)
+        res.erase(specs.truncate_);
+
+      if( res.size() - w > 0)
+        { //   length w exceeded
+          // either it was multi-output with first output padding up all width..
+          // either it was one big arg and we are fine.
+          empty_buf( oss_);
+          oss_.width(0);
+          put_last(oss_, x );
+          string_t tmp = oss_.str();  // minimal-length output
+          std::streamsize d;
+          if( (d=w - tmp.size()) <=0 ) 
+            {
+              // minimal length is already >= w, so no padding  (cool!)
+              res.swap(tmp);
+            }
+          else
+            { // hum..  we need to pad (it was necessarily multi-output)
+              typedef typename string_t::size_type size_type;
+              size_type i = 0;
+              while( i<tmp.size() && tmp[i] == res[i] ) // find where we should pad.
+                ++i;
+              tmp.insert(i, static_cast<size_type>( d ), oss_.fill());
+              res.swap( tmp );
+            }
+        }
+      else 
+        { // okay, only one thing was printed and padded, so res is fine.
+        }
+    }
+
+  prev_state.apply_on(oss_);
+  empty_buf( oss_);
+  oss_.clear();
+} // end- put(..)
+
+
+}  // local namespace
+
+
+
+
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+void distribute(basic_format<Ch,Tr>& self, T x) 
+  // call put(x, ..) on every occurence of the current argument :
+{
+  if(self.cur_arg_ >= self.num_args_)
+    {
+      if( self.exceptions() & too_many_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(too_many_args()); // too many variables have been supplied !
+      else return;
+    }
+  for(unsigned long i=0; i < self.items_.size(); ++i)
+    {
+      if(self.items_[i].argN_ == self.cur_arg_)
+        {
+          put<Ch, Tr, T> (x, self.items_[i], self.items_[i].res_, self.oss_ );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+basic_format<Ch, Tr>&  feed(basic_format<Ch,Tr>& self, T x) 
+{
+  if(self.dumped_) self.clear();
+  distribute<Ch, Tr, T> (self, x);
+  ++self.cur_arg_;
+  if(self.bound_.size() != 0)
+    {
+      while( self.cur_arg_ < self.num_args_ && self.bound_[self.cur_arg_] )
+        ++self.cur_arg_;
+    }
+
+  // this arg is finished, reset the stream's format state
+  self.state0_.apply_on(self.oss_);
+  return self;
+}
+    
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace io
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/format_class.hpp b/boost/format/format_class.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9126bfad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/format_class.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_class.hpp :  class interface
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/format/format_fwd.hpp>
+#include <boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/format/internals.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr>
+class basic_format 
+{
+public:
+  typedef Ch  CharT;   // those 2 are necessary for borland compatibilty,
+  typedef Tr  Traits;  // in the body of the operator% template.
+
+
+  typedef std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>                string_t;
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostringstream<Ch, Tr> internal_stream_t;
+private:
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>       stream_t;
+  typedef io::detail::stream_format_state<Ch, Tr>  stream_format_state;
+  typedef io::detail::format_item<Ch, Tr>          format_item_t;
+
+public:
+  basic_format(const Ch* str);
+  basic_format(const string_t& s);
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+  basic_format(const Ch* str, const std::locale & loc);
+  basic_format(const string_t& s, const std::locale & loc);
+#endif // no locale
+  basic_format(const basic_format& x);
+  basic_format& operator= (const basic_format& x);
+
+  basic_format& clear(); // empty the string buffers (except bound arguments, see clear_binds() )
+
+  // pass arguments through those operators :
+  template<class T>  basic_format&   operator%(const T& x) 
+  { 
+    return io::detail::feed<CharT, Traits, const T&>(*this,x);
+  }
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+  template<class T>  basic_format&   operator%(T& x) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::feed<CharT, Traits, T&>(*this,x);
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+  // system for binding arguments :
+  template<class T>  
+  basic_format&         bind_arg(int argN, const T& val) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::bind_arg_body(*this, argN, val); 
+  }
+  basic_format&         clear_bind(int argN);
+  basic_format&         clear_binds();
+
+  // modify the params of a directive, by applying a manipulator :
+  template<class T> 
+  basic_format&  modify_item(int itemN, const T& manipulator) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::modify_item_body(*this, itemN, manipulator) ;
+  }
+
+  // Choosing which errors will throw exceptions :
+  unsigned char exceptions() const;
+  unsigned char exceptions(unsigned char newexcept);
+
+  // final output
+  string_t str() const;
+  friend BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& 
+  operator<< <Ch, Tr> ( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& , const basic_format& ); 
+                      
+
+  template<class Ch2, class Tr2, class T>  friend basic_format<Ch2, Tr2>&  
+  io::detail::feed(basic_format<Ch2,Tr2>&, T);
+    
+  template<class Ch2, class Tr2, class T>  friend   
+  void io::detail::distribute(basic_format<Ch2,Tr2>&, T);
+  
+  template<class Ch2, class Tr2, class T>  friend
+  basic_format<Ch2, Tr2>&  io::detail::modify_item_body(basic_format<Ch2, Tr2>&, int, const T&);
+
+  template<class Ch2, class Tr2, class T> friend
+  basic_format<Ch2, Tr2>&  io::detail::bind_arg_body(basic_format<Ch2, Tr2>&, int, const T&);
+
+// make the members private only if the friend templates are supported
+private:
+
+  // flag bits, used for style_
+  enum style_values  { ordered = 1,        // set only if all directives are  positional directives
+                       special_needs = 4 };     
+
+  // parse the format string :
+  void parse(const string_t&);
+
+  int                           style_;         // style of format-string :  positional or not, etc
+  int                           cur_arg_;       // keep track of wich argument will come
+  int                           num_args_;      // number of expected arguments
+  mutable bool                  dumped_;        // true only after call to str() or <<
+  std::vector<format_item_t>    items_;         // vector of directives (aka items)
+  string_t                      prefix_;        // piece of string to insert before first item
+
+  std::vector<bool>             bound_;         // stores which arguments were bound
+                                                //   size = num_args OR zero
+  internal_stream_t             oss_;           // the internal stream.
+  stream_format_state           state0_;        // reference state for oss_
+  unsigned char                 exceptions_;
+}; // class basic_format
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp b/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bad2f7238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_fwd.hpp :  forward declarations, for primary header format.hpp
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+template<class charT, class Traits = BOOST_IO_STD char_traits<charT> > class basic_format;
+
+typedef basic_format<char >     format;
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTRING) && !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTREAMBUF)
+typedef basic_format<wchar_t >  wformat;
+#endif
+
+namespace io {
+enum format_error_bits { bad_format_string_bit = 1, 
+                         too_few_args_bit = 2, too_many_args_bit = 4,
+                         out_of_range_bit = 8,
+                         all_error_bits = 255, no_error_bits=0 };
+                  
+// Convertion:  format   to   string
+template<class Ch, class Tr> 
+std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>     str(const basic_format<Ch, Tr>& ) ;
+
+} // namespace io
+
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr> 
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& 
+operator<<( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&, const basic_format<Ch, Tr>&);
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/format_implementation.hpp b/boost/format/format_implementation.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58372bb13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/format_implementation.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library format ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_implementation.hpp  Implementation of the basic_format class
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
+
+//#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+//#include <boost/assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/format/format_class.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+// --------  format:: -------------------------------------------
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr> ::basic_format(const Ch* str)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(), oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    string_t emptyStr;
+    if( !str) str = emptyStr.c_str();
+    parse( str );
+}
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr> ::basic_format(const Ch* str, const std::locale & loc)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(), oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    oss_.imbue( loc );
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    string_t emptyStr;
+    if( !str) str = emptyStr.c_str();
+    parse( str );
+}
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr> ::basic_format(const string_t& s, const std::locale & loc)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(),  oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    oss_.imbue( loc );
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    parse(s);  
+}
+#endif //BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr> ::basic_format(const string_t& s)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(),  oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    parse(s);  
+}
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr> :: basic_format(const basic_format& x)
+    : style_(x.style_), cur_arg_(x.cur_arg_), num_args_(x.num_args_), dumped_(false), 
+      items_(x.items_), prefix_(x.prefix_), bound_(x.bound_), 
+      oss_(),   // <- we obviously can't copy x.oss_
+      state0_(x.state0_), exceptions_(x.exceptions_)
+{ 
+    state0_.apply_on(oss_);
+} 
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch, Tr>& basic_format<Ch, Tr> ::operator= (const basic_format& x)
+{
+    if(this == &x)
+      return *this;
+    state0_ = x.state0_;
+    state0_.apply_on(oss_);
+
+    // plus all the other (trivial) assignments :
+    exceptions_ = x.exceptions_;
+    items_ = x.items_;
+    prefix_ = x.prefix_;
+    bound_=x.bound_;
+    style_=x.style_; 
+    cur_arg_=x.cur_arg_; 
+    num_args_=x.num_args_;
+    dumped_=x.dumped_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+unsigned char basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::exceptions() const 
+{
+  return exceptions_; 
+}
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+unsigned char basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::exceptions(unsigned char newexcept) 
+{ 
+  unsigned char swp = exceptions_; 
+  exceptions_ = newexcept; 
+  return swp; 
+}
+
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch,Tr>& basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::clear()
+  // empty the string buffers (except bound arguments, see clear_binds() )
+  // and make the format object ready for formatting a new set of arguments
+{
+    BOOST_ASSERT( bound_.size()==0 || num_args_ == static_cast<int>(bound_.size()) );
+
+    for(unsigned long i=0; i<items_.size(); ++i){
+      items_[i].state_ = items_[i].ref_state_;
+      // clear converted strings only if the corresponding argument is not  bound :
+      if( bound_.size()==0 || !bound_[ items_[i].argN_ ] )  items_[i].res_.resize(0);
+    }
+    cur_arg_=0; dumped_=false;
+    // maybe first arg is bound:
+    if(bound_.size() != 0)
+      {
+        while(cur_arg_ < num_args_ && bound_[cur_arg_] )      ++cur_arg_;
+      }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch,Tr>& basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::clear_binds() 
+  // cancel all bindings, and clear()
+{
+    bound_.resize(0);
+    clear();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+basic_format<Ch,Tr>& basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::clear_bind(int argN) 
+  // cancel the binding of ONE argument, and clear()
+{
+    if(argN<1 || argN > num_args_ || bound_.size()==0 || !bound_[argN-1] ) 
+      {
+        if( exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit )
+          boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // arg not in range.
+        else return *this;
+      }
+    bound_[argN-1]=false;
+    clear();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+std::basic_string<Ch,Tr> basic_format<Ch,Tr> ::str() const
+{
+  dumped_=true;
+  if(items_.size()==0)
+    return prefix_;
+  if( cur_arg_ < num_args_)
+      if( exceptions() & io::too_few_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(io::too_few_args()); // not enough variables have been supplied !
+
+  unsigned long sz = prefix_.size();
+  unsigned long i;
+  for(i=0; i < items_.size(); ++i) 
+    sz += items_[i].res_.size() + items_[i].appendix_.size();
+  string_t res;
+  res.reserve(sz);
+
+  res += prefix_;
+  for(i=0; i < items_.size(); ++i) 
+  {
+    const format_item_t& item = items_[i];
+    res += item.res_;
+    if( item.argN_ == format_item_t::argN_tabulation) 
+    { 
+      BOOST_ASSERT( item.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::tabulation);
+      std::streamsize  n = item.state_.width_ - res.size();
+      if( n > 0 )
+        res.append( n, item.state_.fill_ );
+    }
+    res += item.appendix_;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+basic_format<Ch, Tr>&  bind_arg_body( basic_format<Ch, Tr>& self, 
+                                      int argN, 
+                                      const T& val)
+  // bind one argument to a fixed value
+  // this is persistent over clear() calls, thus also over str() and <<
+{
+    if(self.dumped_) self.clear(); // needed, because we will modify cur_arg_..
+    if(argN<1 || argN > self.num_args_) 
+      {
+        if( self.exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit )
+          boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // arg not in range.
+        else return self;
+      }
+    if(self.bound_.size()==0) 
+      self.bound_.assign(self.num_args_,false);
+    else 
+      BOOST_ASSERT( self.num_args_ == static_cast<signed int>(self.bound_.size()) );
+    int o_cur_arg = self.cur_arg_;
+    self.cur_arg_ = argN-1; // arrays begin at 0
+
+    self.bound_[self.cur_arg_]=false; // if already set, we unset and re-sets..
+    self.operator%(val); // put val at the right place, because cur_arg is set
+    
+
+    // Now re-position cur_arg before leaving :
+    self.cur_arg_ = o_cur_arg; 
+    self.bound_[argN-1]=true;
+    if(self.cur_arg_ == argN-1 )
+      // hum, now this arg is bound, so move to next free arg
+      {
+        while(self.cur_arg_ < self.num_args_ && self.bound_[self.cur_arg_])   ++self.cur_arg_;
+      }
+    // In any case, we either have all args, or are on a non-binded arg :
+    BOOST_ASSERT( self.cur_arg_ >= self.num_args_ || ! self.bound_[self.cur_arg_]);
+    return self;
+}
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+basic_format<Ch, Tr>&  modify_item_body( basic_format<Ch, Tr>& self,
+                                      int itemN, 
+                                      const T& manipulator)
+  // applies a manipulator to the format_item describing a given directive.
+  // this is a permanent change, clear or clear_binds won't cancel that.
+{
+  if(itemN<1 || itemN >= static_cast<signed int>(self.items_.size() )) 
+    {
+      if( self.exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit ) 
+        boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // item not in range.
+      else return self;
+    }
+  self.items_[itemN-1].ref_state_.apply_manip( manipulator );
+  self.items_[itemN-1].state_ = self.items_[itemN-1].ref_state_;
+  return self;
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+
+#endif  // BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/free_funcs.hpp b/boost/format/free_funcs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d552e8baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/free_funcs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// free_funcs.hpp :  implementation of the free functions declared in namespace format
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format/format_class.hpp"
+//#include "boost/throw_exception.hpp"
+
+namespace boost {
+
+namespace io {
+  template<class Ch, class Tr> inline 
+  std::basic_string<Ch, Tr> str(const basic_format<Ch, Tr>& f) 
+    // adds up all pieces of strings and converted items, and return the formatted string
+  {
+    return f.str();
+  }
+}   // - namespace io
+
+template< class Ch, class Tr>
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& 
+operator<<( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, 
+            const boost::basic_format<Ch, Tr>& f) 
+  // effect: "return os << str(f);" but we can try to do it faster
+{
+  typedef boost::basic_format<Ch, Tr>   format_t;
+  if(f.items_.size()==0) 
+    os << f.prefix_;
+  else {
+    if(f.cur_arg_ < f.num_args_)
+      if( f.exceptions() & io::too_few_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(io::too_few_args()); // not enough variables have been supplied !
+    if(f.style_ & format_t::special_needs) 
+        os << f.str();
+    else {
+    // else we dont have to count chars output, so we dump directly to os :
+      os << f.prefix_;
+      for(unsigned long i=0; i<f.items_.size(); ++i) 
+        {
+          const typename format_t::format_item_t& item = f.items_[i];
+          os << item.res_;
+          os << item.appendix_;
+
+        }
+    }
+  }
+  f.dumped_=true;
+  return os;
+}
+
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/group.hpp b/boost/format/group.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7785427e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/group.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// group.hpp :  encapsulates a group of manipulators along with an argument
+//                      
+// group_head : cut the last element of a group out.
+// (is overloaded below on each type of group)
+
+// group_last : returns the last element of a group
+// (is overloaded below on each type of group)
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+
+
+namespace detail {
+
+
+// empty group, but useful even though.
+struct group0 
+{
+    group0()      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << ( BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group0& )
+{ 
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1>
+struct group1
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    group1(T1 a1)
+      : a1_(a1)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group1<T1>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+struct group2
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    group2(T1 a1,T2 a2)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group2<T1,T2>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+struct group3
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    group3(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group3<T1,T2,T3>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+struct group4
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    group4(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group4<T1,T2,T3,T4>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+struct group5
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    group5(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+struct group6
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    group6(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+struct group7
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    group7(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+struct group8
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    group8(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+struct group9
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    T9 a9_;
+    group9(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8),a9_(a9)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_<< x.a9_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+struct group10
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    T9 a9_;
+    T10 a10_;
+    group10(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9,T10 a10)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8),a9_(a9),a10_(a10)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os,
+             const group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_<< x.a9_<< x.a10_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+inline
+group1<T1> 
+group_head( group2<T1,T2> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T1> (x.a1_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+inline
+group1<T2> 
+group_last( group2<T1,T2> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T2> (x.a2_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+group2<T1,T2> 
+group_head( group3<T1,T2,T3> const& x)
+{
+   return group2<T1,T2> (x.a1_,x.a2_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+group1<T3> 
+group_last( group3<T1,T2,T3> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T3> (x.a3_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+group3<T1,T2,T3> 
+group_head( group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> const& x)
+{
+   return group3<T1,T2,T3> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+group1<T4> 
+group_last( group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T4> (x.a4_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> 
+group_head( group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> const& x)
+{
+   return group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+group1<T5> 
+group_last( group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T5> (x.a5_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> 
+group_head( group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> const& x)
+{
+   return group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+group1<T6> 
+group_last( group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T6> (x.a6_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> 
+group_head( group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> const& x)
+{
+   return group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+group1<T7> 
+group_last( group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T7> (x.a7_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> 
+group_head( group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> const& x)
+{
+   return group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+group1<T8> 
+group_last( group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T8> (x.a8_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> 
+group_head( group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> const& x)
+{
+   return group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_,x.a8_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+group1<T9> 
+group_last( group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T9> (x.a9_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> 
+group_head( group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10> const& x)
+{
+   return group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_,x.a8_,x.a9_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+group1<T10> 
+group_last( group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T10> (x.a10_); 
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+
+
+// helper functions
+
+
+inline detail::group1< detail::group0 >  
+group() { return detail::group1< detail::group0 > ( detail::group0() ); }
+
+template  <class T1, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group2<T1, Var const&> 
+                        (a1, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+
+template  <class T1, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group2<T1, Var&> 
+                        (a1, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+
+#endif  //end- #ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif   // BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/internals.hpp b/boost/format/internals.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52448b731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/internals.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// internals.hpp :  internal structs. included by format.hpp
+//                              stream_format_state, and format_item
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+
+// --------------
+// set of params that define the format state of a stream
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr> 
+struct stream_format_state 
+{
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD basic_ios<Ch, Tr>   basic_ios;
+
+  std::streamsize width_;
+  std::streamsize precision_;
+  Ch fill_; 
+  std::ios_base::fmtflags flags_;
+
+  stream_format_state()       : width_(-1), precision_(-1), fill_(0), flags_(std::ios_base::dec)  {}
+  stream_format_state(basic_ios& os)                  {set_by_stream(os); }
+
+  void apply_on(basic_ios & os) const;                //- applies format_state to the stream
+  template<class T> void apply_manip(T manipulator)   //- modifies state by applying manipulator.
+       { apply_manip_body<Ch, Tr, T>( *this, manipulator) ; }
+  void reset();                                       //- sets to default state.
+  void set_by_stream(const basic_ios& os);            //- sets to os's state.
+};  
+
+
+
+// --------------
+// format_item : stores all parameters that can be defined by directives in the format-string
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr>  
+struct format_item 
+{     
+  enum pad_values { zeropad = 1, spacepad =2, centered=4, tabulation = 8 };
+
+  enum arg_values { argN_no_posit   = -1, // non-positional directive. argN will be set later.
+                    argN_tabulation = -2, // tabulation directive. (no argument read) 
+                    argN_ignored    = -3  // ignored directive. (no argument read)
+  };
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD basic_ios<Ch, Tr>              basic_ios;
+  typedef detail::stream_format_state<Ch, Tr>         stream_format_state;
+  typedef std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>           string_t;
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD basic_ostringstream<Ch, Tr>    internal_stream_t;
+
+
+  int         argN_;           //- argument number (starts at 0,  eg : %1 => argN=0)
+                               //  negative values are used for items that don't process
+                               //  an argument
+  string_t    res_;            //- result of the formatting of this item
+  string_t    appendix_;       //- piece of string between this item and the next
+
+  stream_format_state ref_state_;// set by parsing the format_string, is only affected by modify_item
+  stream_format_state state_;  // always same as ref_state, _unless_ modified by manipulators 'group(..)'
+
+  // non-stream format-state parameters
+  signed int truncate_;        //- is >=0 for directives like %.5s (take 5 chars from the string)
+  unsigned int pad_scheme_;    //- several possible padding schemes can mix. see pad_values
+
+  format_item() : argN_(argN_no_posit), truncate_(-1), pad_scheme_(0)  {}
+
+  void compute_states();      // sets states  according to truncate and pad_scheme.
+}; 
+
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions
+// -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+// --- stream_format_state:: -------------------------------------------
+template<class Ch, class Tr> inline
+void stream_format_state<Ch,Tr> ::apply_on(basic_ios & os) const
+  // set the state of this stream according to our params
+{
+      if(width_ != -1)
+        os.width(width_);
+      if(precision_ != -1)
+        os.precision(precision_);
+      if(fill_ != 0)
+        os.fill(fill_);
+      os.flags(flags_);
+}
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr>      inline
+void stream_format_state<Ch,Tr> ::set_by_stream(const basic_ios& os) 
+  // set our params according to the state of this stream
+{
+      flags_ = os.flags();
+      width_ = os.width();
+      precision_ = os.precision();
+      fill_ = os.fill();
+}
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr, class T>  inline
+void apply_manip_body( stream_format_state<Ch, Tr>& self,
+                       T manipulator) 
+  // modify our params according to the manipulator
+{
+      BOOST_IO_STD basic_stringstream<Ch, Tr>  ss;
+      self.apply_on( ss );
+      ss << manipulator;
+      self.set_by_stream( ss );
+}
+
+template<class Ch, class Tr> inline
+void stream_format_state<Ch,Tr> ::reset() 
+  // set our params to standard's default state
+{
+      width_=-1; precision_=-1; fill_=0; 
+      flags_ = std::ios_base::dec; 
+}
+
+
+// --- format_items:: -------------------------------------------
+template<class Ch, class Tr> inline
+void format_item<Ch, Tr> ::compute_states() 
+  // reflect pad_scheme_   on  state_ and ref_state_ 
+  //   because some pad_schemes has complex consequences on several state params.
+{
+  if(pad_scheme_ & zeropad) 
+  {
+    if(ref_state_.flags_ & std::ios_base::left) 
+    {
+      pad_scheme_ = pad_scheme_ & (~zeropad); // ignore zeropad in left alignment
+    }
+    else 
+    { 
+      ref_state_.fill_='0'; 
+      ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::internal;
+    }
+  }
+  state_ = ref_state_;
+}
+
+
+} } } // namespaces boost :: io :: detail
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp b/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f260e6dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// internals_fwd.hpp :  forward declarations, for internal headers
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format/format_fwd.hpp"
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+
+namespace detail {
+  template<class Ch, class Tr> struct stream_format_state;
+  template<class Ch, class Tr> struct format_item;
+}
+
+
+namespace detail {
+
+  // these functions were intended as methods, 
+  // but MSVC have problems with template member functions :
+
+  // defined in format_implementation.hpp :
+     template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+     basic_format<Ch, Tr>&  modify_item_body( basic_format<Ch, Tr>& self, 
+                                          int itemN, const T& manipulator);
+
+     template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+     basic_format<Ch, Tr>&  bind_arg_body( basic_format<Ch, Tr>& self,
+                                           int argN, const T& val);
+
+    template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+    void apply_manip_body( stream_format_state<Ch, Tr>& self,
+                           T manipulator);
+
+  // argument feeding (defined in feed_args.hpp ) :
+     template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+     void distribute(basic_format<Ch,Tr>& self, T x);
+
+     template<class Ch, class Tr, class T> 
+     basic_format<Ch, Tr>& feed(basic_format<Ch,Tr>& self, T x);
+ 
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace io
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/macros_default.hpp b/boost/format/macros_default.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fd84a163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/macros_default.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// macros_default.hpp : configuration for the format library
+//                       provides default values for the stl workaround macros
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
+
+// *** This should go to "boost/config/suffix.hpp".
+
+#ifndef BOOST_IO_STD
+#  define BOOST_IO_STD std::
+#endif
+
+// **** Workaround for io streams, stlport and msvc.
+#ifdef BOOST_IO_NEEDS_USING_DECLARATION
+namespace boost {
+  using std::char_traits;
+  using std::basic_ostream;
+  using std::basic_ostringstream;
+  namespace io {
+    using std::basic_ostream;
+    namespace detail {
+      using std::basic_ios;
+      using std::basic_ostream;
+      using std::basic_ostringstream;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
diff --git a/boost/format/parsing.hpp b/boost/format/parsing.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a461314f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boost/format/parsing.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rudiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// parsing.hpp :  implementation of the parsing member functions
+//                      ( parse, parse_printf_directive)
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP
+
+
+#include <boost/format/format_class.hpp>
+//#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+//#include <boost/assert.hpp>
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+  template<class Ch, class Stream> inline
+  bool wrap_isdigit(Ch c, Stream &os) 
+  {
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LOCALE_ISIDIGIT
+    return std::isdigit(c, os.rdbuf()->getloc() );
+# else
+    using namespace std;
+    return isdigit(c); 
+#endif 
+  } //end- wrap_isdigit(..)
+
+  template<class Res, class Ch, class Tr> inline
+  Res str2int(const std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>& s, 
+              typename std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>::size_type start, 
+              BOOST_IO_STD basic_ios<Ch,Tr> &os,
+              const Res = Res(0)  ) 
+    // Input : char string, with starting index
+    //         a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    // Effects : reads s[start:] and converts digits into an integral n, of type Res
+    // Returns : n
+  {
+    Res n = 0;
+    while(start<s.size() && wrap_isdigit(s[start], os) ) {
+      char cur_ch = os.narrow( s[start], 0);
+      BOOST_ASSERT(cur_ch != 0 ); // since we called isdigit, this should not happen.
+      n *= 10;
+      n += cur_ch - '0'; // 22.2.1.1.2 of the C++ standard
+      ++start;
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  template<class Ch, class Tr>
+  void skip_asterisk(const std::basic_string<Ch,Tr> & buf, 
+                     typename std::basic_string<Ch,Tr>::size_type * pos_p,
+                     BOOST_IO_STD basic_ios<Ch, Tr> &os)
+    // skip printf's "asterisk-fields" directives in the format-string buf
+    // Input : char string, with starting index *pos_p
+    //         a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    // Effects : advance *pos_p by skipping printf's asterisk fields.
+    // Returns : nothing
+  {
+    using namespace std;
+    BOOST_ASSERT( pos_p != 0);
+    if(*pos_p >= buf.size() ) return;
+    if(buf[ *pos_p]==os.widen('*')) {
+      ++ (*pos_p);
+      while (*pos_p < buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[*pos_p],os)) ++(*pos_p);
+      if(buf[*pos_p]==os.widen('$')) ++(*pos_p);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  inline void maybe_throw_exception( unsigned char exceptions)
+    // auxiliary func called by parse_printf_directive
+    // for centralising error handling
+    // it either throws if user sets the corresponding flag, or does nothing.
+  {
+    if(exceptions & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+          boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string());
+  }
+    
+
+
+  template<class Ch, class Tr>
+  bool parse_printf_directive(const std::basic_string<Ch, Tr> & buf,
+                              typename std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>::size_type * pos_p,
+                              detail::format_item<Ch, Tr> * fpar,
+                              BOOST_IO_STD basic_ios<Ch,Tr> &os,
+                              unsigned char exceptions)
+    // Input   : a 'printf-directive' in the format-string, starting at buf[ *pos_p ]
+    //           a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    //           a bitset'excpetions' telling whether to throw exceptions on errors.
+    // Returns : true if parse somehow succeeded (possibly ignoring errors if exceptions disabled) 
+    //           false if it failed so bad that the directive should be printed verbatim
+    // Effects : - *pos_p is incremented so that buf[*pos_p] is the first char after the directive
+    //           - *fpar is set with the parameters read in the directive
+  {
+    typedef format_item<Ch, Tr>  format_item_t;
+    BOOST_ASSERT( pos_p != 0);
+    typename std::basic_string<Ch, Tr>::size_type       &i1 = *pos_p,      
+                                                        i0; 
+    fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_no_posit;  // if no positional-directive
+
+    bool in_brackets=false;
+    if(buf[i1]==os.widen('|'))
+      {
+        in_brackets=true;
+        if( ++i1 >= buf.size() ) {
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+    // the flag '0' would be picked as a digit for argument order, but here it's a flag :
+    if(buf[i1]==os.widen('0')) 
+      goto parse_flags;
+
+    // handle argument order (%2$d)  or possibly width specification: %2d
+    i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+    while (i1 < buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+      ++i1;
+    if (i1!=i0) 
+      {
+        if( i1 >= buf.size() ) {
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+          return false;
+        }
+        int n=str2int(buf,i0, os, int(0) );
+        
+        // %N% case : this is already the end of the directive
+        if( buf[i1] == os.widen('%') ) 
+          {
+            fpar->argN_ = n-1;
+            ++i1;
+            if( in_brackets) 
+              maybe_throw_exception(exceptions); 
+              // but don't return.  maybe "%" was used in lieu of '$', so we go on.
+            else return true;
+          }
+
+        if ( buf[i1]==os.widen('$') ) 
+          {
+            fpar->argN_ = n-1;
+            ++i1;
+          } 
+        else  
+          {
+            // non-positionnal directive
+            fpar->ref_state_.width_ = n;
+            fpar->argN_  = format_item_t::argN_no_posit;
+            goto parse_precision;
+          }
+      }
+    
+  parse_flags: 
+    // handle flags
+    while ( i1 <buf.size()) // as long as char is one of + - = # 0 l h   or ' '
+      {  
+        // misc switches
+        switch (os.narrow(buf[i1], 0)) 
+          {
+          case '\'' : break; // no effect yet. (painful to implement)
+          case 'l':
+          case 'h':  // short/long modifier : for printf-comaptibility (no action needed)
+             break;
+          case '-':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::left;
+            break;
+          case '=':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::centered;
+            break;
+          case ' ':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::spacepad;
+            break;
+          case '+':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::showpos;
+            break;
+          case '0':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::zeropad; 
+            // need to know alignment before really setting flags,
+            // so just add 'zeropad' flag for now, it will be processed later.
+            break;
+          case '#':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::showpoint | std::ios_base::showbase;
+            break;
+          default:
+            goto parse_width;
+          }
+        ++i1;
+      } // loop on flag.
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) {
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true; 
+    }
+
+  parse_width:
+    // handle width spec
+    skip_asterisk(buf, &i1, os); // skips 'asterisk fields' :  *, or *N$
+    i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+    while (i1<buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+      i1++;
+    
+    if (i1!=i0) 
+      { fpar->ref_state_.width_ = str2int( buf,i0, os, std::streamsize(0) ); }
+
+  parse_precision:
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) { 
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true;
+    }
+    // handle precision spec
+    if (buf[i1]==os.widen('.'))  
+      {
+        ++i1;
+        skip_asterisk(buf, &i1, os);
+        i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+        while (i1<buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+          ++i1;
+
+        if(i1==i0)
+          fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = 0;
+        else 
+          fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = str2int(buf,i0, os, std::streamsize(0) );
+      }
+    
+    // handle  formatting-type flags :
+    while( i1<buf.size() && 
+           ( buf[i1]==os.widen('l') || buf[i1]==os.widen('L') || buf[i1]==os.widen('h')) )
+      ++i1;
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) {
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true;
+    }
+    
+    if( in_brackets && buf[i1]==os.widen('|') ) 
+      {
+        ++i1;
+        return true;
+      }
+    switch (os.narrow(buf[i1], 0) )  
+      {
+      case 'X':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::uppercase;
+      case 'p': // pointer => set hex.
+      case 'x':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::hex;
+        break;
+      
+      case 'o':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::oct;
+        break;
+
+      case 'E':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::uppercase;
+      case 'e':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::floatfield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::scientific;
+
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::dec;
+        break;
+      
+      case 'f':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::floatfield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::fixed;
+      case 'u':
+      case 'd':
+      case 'i':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::dec;
+        break;
+
+      case 'T':
+        ++i1;
+        if( i1 >= buf.size())
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+        else
+          fpar->ref_state_.fill_ = buf[i1];
+        fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::tabulation;
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_tabulation; 
+        break;
+      case 't': 
+        fpar->ref_state_.fill_ = os.widen(' ');
+        fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::tabulation;
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_tabulation; 
+        break;
+
+      case 'G':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios_base::uppercase;
+        break;
+      case 'g': // 'g' conversion is default for floats.
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios_base::dec;
+
+        // CLEAR all floatield flags, so stream will CHOOSE
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios_base::floatfield; 
+        break;
+
+      case 'C':
+      case 'c': 
+        fpar->truncate_ = 1;
+        break;
+      case 'S':
+      case 's': 
+        fpar->truncate_ = fpar->ref_state_.precision_;
+        fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = -1;
+        break;
+      case 'n' :  
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_ignored;
+        break;
+      default: 
+        maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      }
+    ++i1;
+
+    if( in_brackets )
+      {
+        if( i1<buf.size() && buf[i1]==os.widen('|') ) 
+          {
+            ++i1;
+            return true;
+          }
+        else  maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+} // detail namespace
+} // io namespace
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+//  format :: parse(..)
+
+template<class Ch, class Traits>
+void basic_format<Ch, Traits> ::parse(const string_t & buf) 
+  // parse the format-string
+{
+    using namespace std;
+    const Ch arg_mark = oss_.widen('%');
+    bool ordered_args=true; 
+    int max_argN=-1;
+    typename string_t::size_type i1=0;
+    int num_items=0;
+    
+    // A: find upper_bound on num_items and allocates arrays
+    i1=0; 
+    while( (i1=buf.find(arg_mark,i1)) != string::npos ) 
+    {
+      if( i1+1 >= buf.size() ) {
+        if(exceptions() & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+          boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string()); // must not end in "bla bla %"
+        else break; // stop there, ignore last '%'
+      }
+      if(buf[i1+1] == buf[i1] ) { i1+=2; continue; } // escaped "%%" / "##"
+      ++i1;
+      
+      // in case of %N% directives, dont count it double (wastes allocations..) :
+      while(i1 < buf.size() && io::detail::wrap_isdigit(buf[i1],oss_)) ++i1;
+      if( i1 < buf.size() && buf[i1] == arg_mark ) ++ i1;
+
+      ++num_items;
+    }
+    items_.assign( num_items, format_item_t() );
+    
+    // B: Now the real parsing of the format string :
+    num_items=0;
+    i1 = 0;
+    typename string_t::size_type i0 = i1;
+    bool special_things=false;
+    int cur_it=0;
+    while( (i1=buf.find(arg_mark,i1)) != string::npos ) 
+    {
+      string_t & piece = (cur_it==0) ? prefix_ : items_[cur_it-1].appendix_;
+
+      if( buf[i1+1] == buf[i1] ) // escaped mark, '%%'
+      {
+        piece += buf.substr(i0, i1-i0) + buf[i1]; 
+        i1+=2; i0=i1;
+        continue; 
+      }
+      BOOST_ASSERT(  static_cast<unsigned int>(cur_it) < items_.size() || cur_it==0);
+
+      if(i1!=i0) piece += buf.substr(i0, i1-i0);
+      ++i1;
+      
+      bool parse_ok;
+      parse_ok = io::detail::parse_printf_directive(buf, &i1, &items_[cur_it], oss_, exceptions());
+      if( ! parse_ok ) continue; // the directive will be printed verbatim
+
+      i0=i1;
+      items_[cur_it].compute_states(); // process complex options, like zeropad, into stream params.
+
+      int argN=items_[cur_it].argN_;
+      if(argN == format_item_t::argN_ignored)
+        continue;
+      if(argN ==format_item_t::argN_no_posit)
+        ordered_args=false;
+      else if(argN == format_item_t::argN_tabulation) special_things=true;
+      else if(argN > max_argN) max_argN = argN;
+      ++num_items;
+      ++cur_it;
+    } // loop on %'s
+    BOOST_ASSERT(cur_it == num_items);
+    
+    // store the final piece of string
+    string_t & piece = (cur_it==0) ? prefix_ : items_[cur_it-1].appendix_;
+    piece += buf.substr(i0);
+    
+    if( !ordered_args) 
+    {
+      if(max_argN >= 0 )  // dont mix positional with non-positionnal directives
+        {
+          if(exceptions() & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+            boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string());
+          // else do nothing. => positionnal arguments are processed as non-positionnal
+        }
+      // set things like it would have been with positional directives :
+      int non_ordered_items = 0;
+      for(int i=0; i< num_items; ++i)
+        if(items_[i].argN_ == format_item_t::argN_no_posit) 
+          {
+            items_[i].argN_ = non_ordered_items;
+            ++non_ordered_items;
+          }
+      max_argN = non_ordered_items-1;
+    }
+    
+    // C: set some member data :
+    items_.resize(num_items);
+
+    if(special_things) style_ |= special_needs;
+    num_args_ = max_argN + 1;
+    if(ordered_args) style_ |=  ordered;
+    else style_ &= ~ordered;
+}
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP