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-<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
-      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
-      xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
-      version="5.0"
-      xml:id="ssec-derivation">
-
-<title>Derivations</title>
-
-<para>The most important built-in function is
-<function>derivation</function>, which is used to describe a single
-derivation (a build action).  It takes as input a set, the attributes
-of which specify the inputs of the build.</para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
-
-  <listitem xml:id="attr-system"><para>There must be an attribute
-  named <varname>system</varname> whose value must be a string
-  specifying a Nix system type, such as
-  <literal>"i686-linux"</literal> or
-  <literal>"x86_64-darwin"</literal>. (To figure out your system type,
-  run <literal>nix -vv --version</literal>.) The build can only be
-  performed on a machine and operating system matching the system
-  type.  (Nix can automatically forward builds for other platforms by
-  forwarding them to other machines; see <xref
-  linkend='chap-distributed-builds' />.)</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>There must be an attribute named
-  <varname>name</varname> whose value must be a string.  This is used
-  as a symbolic name for the package by <command>nix-env</command>,
-  and it is appended to the output paths of the
-  derivation.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>There must be an attribute named
-  <varname>builder</varname> that identifies the program that is
-  executed to perform the build.  It can be either a derivation or a
-  source (a local file reference, e.g.,
-  <filename>./builder.sh</filename>).</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>Every attribute is passed as an environment variable
-  to the builder.  Attribute values are translated to environment
-  variables as follows:
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem><para>Strings and numbers are just passed
-      verbatim.</para></listitem>
-
-      <listitem><para>A <emphasis>path</emphasis> (e.g.,
-      <filename>../foo/sources.tar</filename>) causes the referenced
-      file to be copied to the store; its location in the store is put
-      in the environment variable.  The idea is that all sources
-      should reside in the Nix store, since all inputs to a derivation
-      should reside in the Nix store.</para></listitem>
-
-      <listitem><para>A <emphasis>derivation</emphasis> causes that
-      derivation to be built prior to the present derivation; its
-      default output path is put in the environment
-      variable.</para></listitem>
-
-      <listitem><para>Lists of the previous types are also allowed.
-      They are simply concatenated, separated by
-      spaces.</para></listitem>
-
-      <listitem><para><literal>true</literal> is passed as the string
-      <literal>1</literal>, <literal>false</literal> and
-      <literal>null</literal> are passed as an empty string.
-      </para></listitem>
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-  </para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>The optional attribute <varname>args</varname>
-  specifies command-line arguments to be passed to the builder.  It
-  should be a list.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>The optional attribute <varname>outputs</varname>
-  specifies a list of symbolic outputs of the derivation.  By default,
-  a derivation produces a single output path, denoted as
-  <literal>out</literal>.  However, derivations can produce multiple
-  output paths.  This is useful because it allows outputs to be
-  downloaded or garbage-collected separately.  For instance, imagine a
-  library package that provides a dynamic library, header files, and
-  documentation.  A program that links against the library doesn’t
-  need the header files and documentation at runtime, and it doesn’t
-  need the documentation at build time.  Thus, the library package
-  could specify:
-<programlisting>
-outputs = [ "lib" "headers" "doc" ];
-</programlisting>
-  This will cause Nix to pass environment variables
-  <literal>lib</literal>, <literal>headers</literal> and
-  <literal>doc</literal> to the builder containing the intended store
-  paths of each output.  The builder would typically do something like
-<programlisting>
-./configure --libdir=$lib/lib --includedir=$headers/include --docdir=$doc/share/doc
-</programlisting>
-  for an Autoconf-style package.  You can refer to each output of a
-  derivation by selecting it as an attribute, e.g.
-<programlisting>
-buildInputs = [ pkg.lib pkg.headers ];
-</programlisting>
-  The first element of <varname>outputs</varname> determines the
-  <emphasis>default output</emphasis>.  Thus, you could also write
-<programlisting>
-buildInputs = [ pkg pkg.headers ];
-</programlisting>
-  since <literal>pkg</literal> is equivalent to
-  <literal>pkg.lib</literal>.</para></listitem>
-
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<para>The function <function>mkDerivation</function> in the Nixpkgs
-standard environment is a wrapper around
-<function>derivation</function> that adds a default value for
-<varname>system</varname> and always uses Bash as the builder, to
-which the supplied builder is passed as a command-line argument.  See
-the Nixpkgs manual for details.</para>
-
-<para>The builder is executed as follows:
-
-<itemizedlist>
-
-  <listitem><para>A temporary directory is created under the directory
-  specified by <literal>TMPDIR</literal> (default
-  <filename>/tmp</filename>) where the build will take place.  The
-  current directory is changed to this directory.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>The environment is cleared and set to the derivation
-  attributes, as specified above.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>In addition, the following variables are set:
-
-  <itemizedlist>
-
-    <listitem><para><literal>NIX_BUILD_TOP</literal> contains the path of
-    the temporary directory for this build.</para></listitem>
-
-    <listitem><para>Also, <literal>TMPDIR</literal>,
-    <literal>TEMPDIR</literal>, <literal>TMP</literal>, <literal>TEMP</literal>
-    are set to point to the temporary directory.  This is to prevent
-    the builder from accidentally writing temporary files anywhere
-    else.  Doing so might cause interference by other
-    processes.</para></listitem>
-
-    <listitem><para><literal>PATH</literal> is set to
-    <filename>/path-not-set</filename> to prevent shells from
-    initialising it to their built-in default value.</para></listitem>
-
-    <listitem><para><literal>HOME</literal> is set to
-    <filename>/homeless-shelter</filename> to prevent programs from
-    using <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or the like to find the
-    user's home directory, which could cause impurity.  Usually, when
-    <literal>HOME</literal> is set, it is used as the location of the home
-    directory, even if it points to a non-existent
-    path.</para></listitem>
-
-    <listitem><para><literal>NIX_STORE</literal> is set to the path of the
-    top-level Nix store directory (typically,
-    <filename>/nix/store</filename>).</para></listitem>
-
-    <listitem><para>For each output declared in
-    <varname>outputs</varname>, the corresponding environment variable
-    is set to point to the intended path in the Nix store for that
-    output.  Each output path is a concatenation of the cryptographic
-    hash of all build inputs, the <varname>name</varname> attribute
-    and the output name.  (The output name is omitted if it’s
-    <literal>out</literal>.)</para></listitem>
-
-  </itemizedlist>
-
-  </para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>If an output path already exists, it is removed.
-  Also, locks are acquired to prevent multiple Nix instances from
-  performing the same build at the same time.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>A log of the combined standard output and error is
-  written to <filename>/nix/var/log/nix</filename>.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>The builder is executed with the arguments specified
-  by the attribute <varname>args</varname>.  If it exits with exit
-  code 0, it is considered to have succeeded.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>The temporary directory is removed (unless the
-  <option>-K</option> option was specified).</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>If the build was successful, Nix scans each output
-  path for references to input paths by looking for the hash parts of
-  the input paths.  Since these are potential runtime dependencies,
-  Nix registers them as dependencies of the output
-  paths.</para></listitem>
-
-  <listitem><para>After the build, Nix sets the last-modified
-  timestamp on all files in the build result to 1 (00:00:01 1/1/1970
-  UTC), sets the group to the default group, and sets the mode of the
-  file to 0444 or 0555 (i.e., read-only, with execute permission
-  enabled if the file was originally executable).  Note that possible
-  <literal>setuid</literal> and <literal>setgid</literal> bits are
-  cleared.  Setuid and setgid programs are not currently supported by
-  Nix.  This is because the Nix archives used in deployment have no
-  concept of ownership information, and because it makes the build
-  result dependent on the user performing the build.</para></listitem>
-
-</itemizedlist>
-
-</para>
-
-<xi:include href="advanced-attributes.xml" />
-
-</section>