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authorValentin Gagarin <valentin.gagarin@tweag.io>2023-08-24 10:00:17 +0200
committerValentin Gagarin <valentin.gagarin@tweag.io>2023-08-24 10:00:17 +0200
commitd5b130ef13bd9a77d803950ca814ac9a612f77b8 (patch)
treef054e02a40a55435e3a4c3acdd5ca4d478cfcd2e /doc/manual/src
parent4a435ad2288bffd5c28d90758e4e26160b53fb8c (diff)
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# Glossary
- - [derivation]{#gloss-derivation}\
- A description of a build task. The result of a derivation is a
- store object. Derivations are typically specified in Nix expressions
- using the [`derivation` primitive](./language/derivations.md). These are
- translated into low-level *store derivations* (implicitly by
- `nix-env` and `nix-build`, or explicitly by `nix-instantiate`).
+- [derivation]{#gloss-derivation}
- [derivation]: #gloss-derivation
+ A description of a build task. The result of a derivation is a
+ store object. Derivations are typically specified in Nix expressions
+ using the [`derivation` primitive](./language/derivations.md). These are
+ translated into low-level *store derivations* (implicitly by
+ `nix-env` and `nix-build`, or explicitly by `nix-instantiate`).
- - [store derivation]{#gloss-store-derivation}\
- A [derivation] represented as a `.drv` file in the [store].
- It has a [store path], like any [store object].
+ [derivation]: #gloss-derivation
- Example: `/nix/store/g946hcz4c8mdvq2g8vxx42z51qb71rvp-git-2.38.1.drv`
+- [store derivation]{#gloss-store-derivation}
- See [`nix derivation show`](./command-ref/new-cli/nix3-derivation-show.md) (experimental) for displaying the contents of store derivations.
+ A [derivation] represented as a `.drv` file in the [store].
+ It has a [store path], like any [store object].
- [store derivation]: #gloss-store-derivation
+ Example: `/nix/store/g946hcz4c8mdvq2g8vxx42z51qb71rvp-git-2.38.1.drv`
- - [instantiate]{#gloss-instantiate}, instantiation\
- Translate a [derivation] into a [store derivation].
+ See [`nix derivation show`](./command-ref/new-cli/nix3-derivation-show.md) (experimental) for displaying the contents of store derivations.
- See [`nix-instantiate`](./command-ref/nix-instantiate.md).
+ [store derivation]: #gloss-store-derivation
- [instantiate]: #gloss-instantiate
+- [instantiate]{#gloss-instantiate}, instantiation
- - [realise]{#gloss-realise}, realisation\
- Ensure a [store path] is [valid][validity].
+ Translate a [derivation] into a [store derivation].
- This means either running the `builder` executable as specified in the corresponding [derivation] or fetching a pre-built [store object] from a [substituter].
+ See [`nix-instantiate`](./command-ref/nix-instantiate.md).
- See [`nix-build`](./command-ref/nix-build.md) and [`nix-store --realise`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-store/realise.md).
+ [instantiate]: #gloss-instantiate
- See [`nix build`](./command-ref/new-cli/nix3-build.md) (experimental).
+- [realise]{#gloss-realise}, realisation
- [realise]: #gloss-realise
+ Ensure a [store path] is [valid][validity].
- - [content-addressed derivation]{#gloss-content-addressed-derivation}\
- A derivation which has the
- [`__contentAddressed`](./language/advanced-attributes.md#adv-attr-__contentAddressed)
- attribute set to `true`.
+ This means either running the `builder` executable as specified in the corresponding [derivation] or fetching a pre-built [store object] from a [substituter].
- - [fixed-output derivation]{#gloss-fixed-output-derivation}\
- A derivation which includes the
- [`outputHash`](./language/advanced-attributes.md#adv-attr-outputHash) attribute.
+ See [`nix-build`](./command-ref/nix-build.md) and [`nix-store --realise`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-store/realise.md).
- - [store]{#gloss-store}\
- The location in the file system where store objects live. Typically
- `/nix/store`.
+ See [`nix build`](./command-ref/new-cli/nix3-build.md) (experimental).
- From the perspective of the location where Nix is
- invoked, the Nix store can be referred to
- as a "_local_" or a "_remote_" one:
+ [realise]: #gloss-realise
- + A [local store]{#gloss-local-store} exists on the filesystem of
- the machine where Nix is invoked. You can use other
- local stores by passing the `--store` flag to the
- `nix` command. Local stores can be used for building derivations.
+- [content-addressed derivation]{#gloss-content-addressed-derivation}
- + A *remote store* exists anywhere other than the
- local filesystem. One example is the `/nix/store`
- directory on another machine, accessed via `ssh` or
- served by the `nix-serve` Perl script.
+ A derivation which has the
+ [`__contentAddressed`](./language/advanced-attributes.md#adv-attr-__contentAddressed)
+ attribute set to `true`.
- [store]: #gloss-store
- [local store]: #gloss-local-store
+- [fixed-output derivation]{#gloss-fixed-output-derivation}
- - [chroot store]{#gloss-chroot-store}\
- A [local store] whose canonical path is anything other than `/nix/store`.
+ A derivation which includes the
+ [`outputHash`](./language/advanced-attributes.md#adv-attr-outputHash) attribute.
- - [binary cache]{#gloss-binary-cache}\
- A *binary cache* is a Nix store which uses a different format: its
- metadata and signatures are kept in `.narinfo` files rather than in a
- [Nix database]. This different format simplifies serving store objects
- over the network, but cannot host builds. Examples of binary caches
- include S3 buckets and the [NixOS binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org).
+- [store]{#gloss-store}
- - [store path]{#gloss-store-path}\
- The location of a [store object] in the file system, i.e., an
- immediate child of the Nix store directory.
+ The location in the file system where store objects live. Typically
+ `/nix/store`.
- Example: `/nix/store/a040m110amc4h71lds2jmr8qrkj2jhxd-git-2.38.1`
+ From the perspective of the location where Nix is
+ invoked, the Nix store can be referred to
+ as a "_local_" or a "_remote_" one:
- [store path]: #gloss-store-path
+ + A [local store]{#gloss-local-store} exists on the filesystem of
+ the machine where Nix is invoked. You can use other
+ local stores by passing the `--store` flag to the
+ `nix` command. Local stores can be used for building derivations.
- - [file system object]{#gloss-store-object}\
- The Nix data model for representing simplified file system data.
+ + A *remote store* exists anywhere other than the
+ local filesystem. One example is the `/nix/store`
+ directory on another machine, accessed via `ssh` or
+ served by the `nix-serve` Perl script.
- See [File System Object](@docroot@/architecture/file-system-object.md) for details.
+ [store]: #gloss-store
+ [local store]: #gloss-local-store
- [file system object]: #gloss-file-system-object
+- [chroot store]{#gloss-chroot-store}
- - [store object]{#gloss-store-object}\
+ A [local store] whose canonical path is anything other than `/nix/store`.
- A store object consists of a [file system object], [reference]s to other store objects, and other metadata.
- It can be referred to by a [store path].
+- [binary cache]{#gloss-binary-cache}
- [store object]: #gloss-store-object
+ A *binary cache* is a Nix store which uses a different format: its
+ metadata and signatures are kept in `.narinfo` files rather than in a
+ [Nix database]. This different format simplifies serving store objects
+ over the network, but cannot host builds. Examples of binary caches
+ include S3 buckets and the [NixOS binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org).
- - [input-addressed store object]{#gloss-input-addressed-store-object}\
- A store object produced by building a
- non-[content-addressed](#gloss-content-addressed-derivation),
- non-[fixed-output](#gloss-fixed-output-derivation)
- derivation.
+- [store path]{#gloss-store-path}
- - [output-addressed store object]{#gloss-output-addressed-store-object}\
- A [store object] whose [store path] is determined by its contents.
- This includes derivations, the outputs of [content-addressed derivations](#gloss-content-addressed-derivation), and the outputs of [fixed-output derivations](#gloss-fixed-output-derivation).
+ The location of a [store object] in the file system, i.e., an
+ immediate child of the Nix store directory.
- - [substitute]{#gloss-substitute}\
- A substitute is a command invocation stored in the [Nix database] that
- describes how to build a store object, bypassing the normal build
- mechanism (i.e., derivations). Typically, the substitute builds the
- store object by downloading a pre-built version of the store object
- from some server.
+ Example: `/nix/store/a040m110amc4h71lds2jmr8qrkj2jhxd-git-2.38.1`
- - [substituter]{#gloss-substituter}\
- An additional [store]{#gloss-store} from which Nix can obtain store objects instead of building them.
- Often the substituter is a [binary cache](#gloss-binary-cache), but any store can serve as substituter.
+ [store path]: #gloss-store-path
- See the [`substituters` configuration option](./command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-substituters) for details.
+- [file system object]{#gloss-store-object}
- [substituter]: #gloss-substituter
+ The Nix data model for representing simplified file system data.
- - [purity]{#gloss-purity}\
- The assumption that equal Nix derivations when run always produce
- the same output. This cannot be guaranteed in general (e.g., a
- builder can rely on external inputs such as the network or the
- system time) but the Nix model assumes it.
+ See [File System Object](@docroot@/architecture/file-system-object.md) for details.
- - [Nix database]{#gloss-nix-database}\
- An SQlite database to track [reference]s between [store object]s.
- This is an implementation detail of the [local store].
+ [file system object]: #gloss-file-system-object
- Default location: `/nix/var/nix/db`.
+- [store object]{#gloss-store-object}
- [Nix database]: #gloss-nix-database
- - [Nix expression]{#gloss-nix-expression}\
- A high-level description of software packages and compositions
- thereof. Deploying software using Nix entails writing Nix
- expressions for your packages. Nix expressions are translated to
- derivations that are stored in the Nix store. These derivations can
- then be built.
+ A store object consists of a [file system object], [reference]s to other store objects, and other metadata.
+ It can be referred to by a [store path].
- - [reference]{#gloss-reference}\
- A [store object] `O` is said to have a *reference* to a store object `P` if a [store path] to `P` appears in the contents of `O`.
+ [store object]: #gloss-store-object
- Store objects can refer to both other store objects and themselves.
- References from a store object to itself are called *self-references*.
- References other than a self-reference must not form a cycle.
+- [input-addressed store object]{#gloss-input-addressed-store-object}
- [reference]: #gloss-reference
+ A store object produced by building a
+ non-[content-addressed](#gloss-content-addressed-derivation),
+ non-[fixed-output](#gloss-fixed-output-derivation)
+ derivation.
- - [reachable]{#gloss-reachable}\
- A store path `Q` is reachable from another store path `P` if `Q`
- is in the *closure* of the *references* relation.
+- [output-addressed store object]{#gloss-output-addressed-store-object}
- - [closure]{#gloss-closure}\
- The closure of a store path is the set of store paths that are
- directly or indirectly “reachable” from that store path; that is,
- it’s the closure of the path under the *references* relation. For
- a package, the closure of its derivation is equivalent to the
- build-time dependencies, while the closure of its output path is
- equivalent to its runtime dependencies. For correct deployment it
- is necessary to deploy whole closures, since otherwise at runtime
- files could be missing. The command `nix-store --query --requisites ` prints out
- closures of store paths.
+ A [store object] whose [store path] is determined by its contents.
+ This includes derivations, the outputs of [content-addressed derivations](#gloss-content-addressed-derivation), and the outputs of [fixed-output derivations](#gloss-fixed-output-derivation).
- As an example, if the [store object] at path `P` contains a [reference]
- to a store object at path `Q`, then `Q` is in the closure of `P`. Further, if `Q`
- references `R` then `R` is also in the closure of `P`.
+- [substitute]{#gloss-substitute}
- [closure]: #gloss-closure
+ A substitute is a command invocation stored in the [Nix database] that
+ describes how to build a store object, bypassing the normal build
+ mechanism (i.e., derivations). Typically, the substitute builds the
+ store object by downloading a pre-built version of the store object
+ from some server.
- - [output path]{#gloss-output-path}\
- A [store path] produced by a [derivation].
+- [substituter]{#gloss-substituter}
- [output path]: #gloss-output-path
+ An additional [store]{#gloss-store} from which Nix can obtain store objects instead of building them.
+ Often the substituter is a [binary cache](#gloss-binary-cache), but any store can serve as substituter.
- - [deriver]{#gloss-deriver}\
- The [store derivation] that produced an [output path].
+ See the [`substituters` configuration option](./command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-substituters) for details.
- - [validity]{#gloss-validity}\
- A store path is valid if all [store object]s in its [closure] can be read from the [store].
+ [substituter]: #gloss-substituter
- For a [local store], this means:
- - The store path leads to an existing [store object] in that [store].
- - The store path is listed in the [Nix database] as being valid.
- - All paths in the store path's [closure] are valid.
+- [purity]{#gloss-purity}
- [validity]: #gloss-validity
+ The assumption that equal Nix derivations when run always produce
+ the same output. This cannot be guaranteed in general (e.g., a
+ builder can rely on external inputs such as the network or the
+ system time) but the Nix model assumes it.
- - [user environment]{#gloss-user-env}\
- An automatically generated store object that consists of a set of
- symlinks to “active” applications, i.e., other store paths. These
- are generated automatically by
- [`nix-env`](./command-ref/nix-env.md). See *profiles*.
+- [Nix database]{#gloss-nix-database}
- - [profile]{#gloss-profile}\
- A symlink to the current *user environment* of a user, e.g.,
- `/nix/var/nix/profiles/default`.
+ An SQlite database to track [reference]s between [store object]s.
+ This is an implementation detail of the [local store].
- - [installable]{#gloss-installable}\
- Something that can be realised in the Nix store.
+ Default location: `/nix/var/nix/db`.
- See [installables](./command-ref/new-cli/nix.md#installables) for [`nix` commands](./command-ref/new-cli/nix.md) (experimental) for details.
+ [Nix database]: #gloss-nix-database
- - [NAR]{#gloss-nar}\
- A *N*ix *AR*chive. This is a serialisation of a path in the Nix
- store. It can contain regular files, directories and symbolic
- links. NARs are generated and unpacked using `nix-store --dump`
- and `nix-store --restore`.
+- [Nix expression]{#gloss-nix-expression}
- - [`∅`]{#gloss-emtpy-set}\
- The empty set symbol. In the context of profile history, this denotes a package is not present in a particular version of the profile.
+ A high-level description of software packages and compositions
+ thereof. Deploying software using Nix entails writing Nix
+ expressions for your packages. Nix expressions are translated to
+ derivations that are stored in the Nix store. These derivations can
+ then be built.
- - [`ε`]{#gloss-epsilon}\
- The epsilon symbol. In the context of a package, this means the version is empty. More precisely, the derivation does not have a version attribute.
+- [reference]{#gloss-reference}
- - [string interpolation]{#gloss-string-interpolation}\
- Expanding expressions enclosed in `${ }` within a [string], [path], or [attribute name].
+ A [store object] `O` is said to have a *reference* to a store object `P` if a [store path] to `P` appears in the contents of `O`.
- See [String interpolation](./language/string-interpolation.md) for details.
+ Store objects can refer to both other store objects and themselves.
+ References from a store object to itself are called *self-references*.
+ References other than a self-reference must not form a cycle.
- [string]: ./language/values.md#type-string
- [path]: ./language/values.md#type-path
- [attribute name]: ./language/values.md#attribute-set
+ [reference]: #gloss-reference
- - [experimental feature]{#gloss-experimental-feature}\
- Not yet stabilized functionality guarded by named experimental feature flags.
- These flags are enabled or disabled with the [`experimental-features`](./command-ref/conf-file.html#conf-experimental-features) setting.
+- [reachable]{#gloss-reachable}
- See the contribution guide on the [purpose and lifecycle of experimental feaures](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md).
+ A store path `Q` is reachable from another store path `P` if `Q`
+ is in the *closure* of the *references* relation.
+
+- [closure]{#gloss-closure}
+
+ The closure of a store path is the set of store paths that are
+ directly or indirectly “reachable” from that store path; that is,
+ it’s the closure of the path under the *references* relation. For
+ a package, the closure of its derivation is equivalent to the
+ build-time dependencies, while the closure of its output path is
+ equivalent to its runtime dependencies. For correct deployment it
+ is necessary to deploy whole closures, since otherwise at runtime
+ files could be missing. The command `nix-store --query --requisites ` prints out
+ closures of store paths.
+
+ As an example, if the [store object] at path `P` contains a [reference]
+ to a store object at path `Q`, then `Q` is in the closure of `P`. Further, if `Q`
+ references `R` then `R` is also in the closure of `P`.
+
+ [closure]: #gloss-closure
+
+- [output path]{#gloss-output-path}
+
+ A [store path] produced by a [derivation].
+
+ [output path]: #gloss-output-path
+
+- [deriver]{#gloss-deriver}
+
+ The [store derivation] that produced an [output path].
+
+- [validity]{#gloss-validity}
+
+ A store path is valid if all [store object]s in its [closure] can be read from the [store].
+
+ For a [local store], this means:
+ - The store path leads to an existing [store object] in that [store].
+ - The store path is listed in the [Nix database] as being valid.
+ - All paths in the store path's [closure] are valid.
+
+ [validity]: #gloss-validity
+
+- [user environment]{#gloss-user-env}
+
+ An automatically generated store object that consists of a set of
+ symlinks to “active” applications, i.e., other store paths. These
+ are generated automatically by
+ [`nix-env`](./command-ref/nix-env.md). See *profiles*.
+
+- [profile]{#gloss-profile}
+
+ A symlink to the current *user environment* of a user, e.g.,
+ `/nix/var/nix/profiles/default`.
+
+- [installable]{#gloss-installable}
+
+ Something that can be realised in the Nix store.
+
+ See [installables](./command-ref/new-cli/nix.md#installables) for [`nix` commands](./command-ref/new-cli/nix.md) (experimental) for details.
+
+- [NAR]{#gloss-nar}
+
+ A *N*ix *AR*chive. This is a serialisation of a path in the Nix
+ store. It can contain regular files, directories and symbolic
+ links. NARs are generated and unpacked using `nix-store --dump`
+ and `nix-store --restore`.
+
+- [`∅`]{#gloss-emtpy-set}
+
+ The empty set symbol. In the context of profile history, this denotes a package is not present in a particular version of the profile.
+
+- [`ε`]{#gloss-epsilon}
+
+ The epsilon symbol. In the context of a package, this means the version is empty. More precisely, the derivation does not have a version attribute.
+
+- [string interpolation]{#gloss-string-interpolation}
+
+ Expanding expressions enclosed in `${ }` within a [string], [path], or [attribute name].
+
+ See [String interpolation](./language/string-interpolation.md) for details.
+
+ [string]: ./language/values.md#type-string
+ [path]: ./language/values.md#type-path
+ [attribute name]: ./language/values.md#attribute-set
+
+- [experimental feature]{#gloss-experimental-feature}
+
+ Not yet stabilized functionality guarded by named experimental feature flags.
+ These flags are enabled or disabled with the [`experimental-features`](./command-ref/conf-file.html#conf-experimental-features) setting.
+
+ See the contribution guide on the [purpose and lifecycle of experimental feaures](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md).