libexpr: Support structured error classes

While preparing PRs like #9753, I've had to change error messages in
dozens of code paths. It would be nice if instead of

    EvalError("expected 'boolean' but found '%1%'", showType(v))

we could write

    TypeError(v, "boolean")

or similar. Then, changing the error message could be a mechanical
refactor with the compiler pointing out places the constructor needs to
be changed, rather than the error-prone process of grepping through the
codebase. Structured errors would also help prevent the "same" error
from having multiple slightly different messages, and could be a first
step towards error codes / an error index.

This PR reworks the exception infrastructure in `libexpr` to
support exception types with different constructor signatures than
`BaseError`. Actually refactoring the exceptions to use structured data
will come in a future PR (this one is big enough already, as it has to
touch every exception in `libexpr`).

The core design is in `eval-error.hh`. Generally, errors like this:

    state.error("'%s' is not a string", getAttrPathStr())
      .debugThrow<TypeError>()

are transformed like this:

    state.error<TypeError>("'%s' is not a string", getAttrPathStr())
      .debugThrow()

The type annotation has moved from `ErrorBuilder::debugThrow` to
`EvalState::error`.

(cherry picked from commit c6a89c1a1659b31694c0fbcd21d78a6dd521c732)
Change-Id: Iced91ba4e00ca9e801518071fb43798936cbd05a

1 files changed, 8 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc b/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc
index e1f41a8a2..e45526a6c 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ static FlakeInput parseFlakeInput(EvalState & state,
                         attrs.emplace(state.symbols[attr.name], (long unsigned int)attr.value->integer);
                         break;
                     default:
-                        throw TypeError("flake input attribute '%s' is %s while a string, Boolean, or integer is expected",
-                            state.symbols[attr.name], showType(*attr.value));
+                        state.error<TypeError>("flake input attribute '%s' is %s while a string, Boolean, or integer is expected",
+                            state.symbols[attr.name], showType(*attr.value)).debugThrow();
                 }
                 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
             }
@@ -288,15 +288,15 @@ static Flake getFlake(
                 std::vector<std::string> ss;
                 for (auto elem : setting.value->listItems()) {
                     if (elem->type() != nString)
-                        throw TypeError("list element in flake configuration setting '%s' is %s while a string is expected",
-                            state.symbols[setting.name], showType(*setting.value));
+                        state.error<TypeError>("list element in flake configuration setting '%s' is %s while a string is expected",
+                            state.symbols[setting.name], showType(*setting.value)).debugThrow();
                     ss.emplace_back(state.forceStringNoCtx(*elem, setting.pos, ""));
                 }
                 flake.config.settings.emplace(state.symbols[setting.name], ss);
             }
             else
-                throw TypeError("flake configuration setting '%s' is %s",
-                    state.symbols[setting.name], showType(*setting.value));
+                state.error<TypeError>("flake configuration setting '%s' is %s",
+                    state.symbols[setting.name], showType(*setting.value)).debugThrow();
         }
     }
 
@@ -857,11 +857,11 @@ static void prim_flakeRefToString(
             attrs.emplace(state.symbols[attr.name],
                           std::string(attr.value->str()));
         } else {
-            state.error(
+            state.error<EvalError>(
                 "flake reference attribute sets may only contain integers, Booleans, "
                 "and strings, but attribute '%s' is %s",
                 state.symbols[attr.name],
-                showType(*attr.value)).debugThrow<EvalError>();
+                showType(*attr.value)).debugThrow();
         }
     }
     auto flakeRef = FlakeRef::fromAttrs(attrs);