Copy {,local-}derivation-goal.{cc,h}

Doing this prior to splitting, so we get better diff with default
options (e.g. on GitHub).

2 files changed, 4275 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..924c69fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3902 @@
+#include "derivation-goal.hh"
+#include "hook-instance.hh"
+#include "worker.hh"
+#include "builtins.hh"
+#include "builtins/buildenv.hh"
+#include "references.hh"
+#include "finally.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "json.hh"
+#include "compression.hh"
+#include "daemon.hh"
+#include "worker-protocol.hh"
+#include "topo-sort.hh"
+#include "callback.hh"
+
+#include <regex>
+#include <queue>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#if HAVE_STATVFS
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Includes required for chroot support. */
+#if __linux__
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
+#define pivot_root(new_root, put_old) (syscall(SYS_pivot_root, new_root, put_old))
+#endif
+
+#if __APPLE__
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+namespace nix {
+
+void handleDiffHook(
+    uid_t uid, uid_t gid,
+    const Path & tryA, const Path & tryB,
+    const Path & drvPath, const Path & tmpDir)
+{
+    auto diffHook = settings.diffHook;
+    if (diffHook != "" && settings.runDiffHook) {
+        try {
+            RunOptions diffHookOptions(diffHook,{tryA, tryB, drvPath, tmpDir});
+            diffHookOptions.searchPath = true;
+            diffHookOptions.uid = uid;
+            diffHookOptions.gid = gid;
+            diffHookOptions.chdir = "/";
+
+            auto diffRes = runProgram(diffHookOptions);
+            if (!statusOk(diffRes.first))
+                throw ExecError(diffRes.first,
+                    "diff-hook program '%1%' %2%",
+                    diffHook,
+                    statusToString(diffRes.first));
+
+            if (diffRes.second != "")
+                printError(chomp(diffRes.second));
+        } catch (Error & error) {
+            ErrorInfo ei = error.info();
+            // FIXME: wrap errors.
+            ei.msg = hintfmt("diff hook execution failed: %s", ei.msg.str());
+            logError(ei);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const Path DerivationGoal::homeDir = "/homeless-shelter";
+
+DerivationGoal::DerivationGoal(const StorePath & drvPath,
+    const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker, BuildMode buildMode)
+    : Goal(worker)
+    , useDerivation(true)
+    , drvPath(drvPath)
+    , wantedOutputs(wantedOutputs)
+    , buildMode(buildMode)
+{
+    state = &DerivationGoal::getDerivation;
+    name = fmt(
+        "building of '%s' from .drv file",
+        StorePathWithOutputs { drvPath, wantedOutputs }.to_string(worker.store));
+    trace("created");
+
+    mcExpectedBuilds = std::make_unique<MaintainCount<uint64_t>>(worker.expectedBuilds);
+    worker.updateProgress();
+}
+
+
+DerivationGoal::DerivationGoal(const StorePath & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv,
+    const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker, BuildMode buildMode)
+    : Goal(worker)
+    , useDerivation(false)
+    , drvPath(drvPath)
+    , wantedOutputs(wantedOutputs)
+    , buildMode(buildMode)
+{
+    this->drv = std::make_unique<Derivation>(drv);
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::haveDerivation;
+    name = fmt(
+        "building of '%s' from in-memory derivation",
+        StorePathWithOutputs { drvPath, drv.outputNames() }.to_string(worker.store));
+    trace("created");
+
+    mcExpectedBuilds = std::make_unique<MaintainCount<uint64_t>>(worker.expectedBuilds);
+    worker.updateProgress();
+
+    /* Prevent the .chroot directory from being
+       garbage-collected. (See isActiveTempFile() in gc.cc.) */
+    worker.store.addTempRoot(this->drvPath);
+}
+
+
+DerivationGoal::~DerivationGoal()
+{
+    /* Careful: we should never ever throw an exception from a
+       destructor. */
+    try { killChild(); } catch (...) { ignoreException(); }
+    try { stopDaemon(); } catch (...) { ignoreException(); }
+    try { deleteTmpDir(false); } catch (...) { ignoreException(); }
+    try { closeLogFile(); } catch (...) { ignoreException(); }
+}
+
+
+string DerivationGoal::key()
+{
+    /* Ensure that derivations get built in order of their name,
+       i.e. a derivation named "aardvark" always comes before
+       "baboon". And substitution goals always happen before
+       derivation goals (due to "b$"). */
+    return "b$" + std::string(drvPath.name()) + "$" + worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath);
+}
+
+
+inline bool DerivationGoal::needsHashRewrite()
+{
+#if __linux__
+    return !useChroot;
+#else
+    /* Darwin requires hash rewriting even when sandboxing is enabled. */
+    return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::killChild()
+{
+    if (pid != -1) {
+        worker.childTerminated(this);
+
+        if (buildUser) {
+            /* If we're using a build user, then there is a tricky
+               race condition: if we kill the build user before the
+               child has done its setuid() to the build user uid, then
+               it won't be killed, and we'll potentially lock up in
+               pid.wait().  So also send a conventional kill to the
+               child. */
+            ::kill(-pid, SIGKILL); /* ignore the result */
+            buildUser->kill();
+            pid.wait();
+        } else
+            pid.kill();
+
+        assert(pid == -1);
+    }
+
+    hook.reset();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::timedOut(Error && ex)
+{
+    killChild();
+    done(BuildResult::TimedOut, ex);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::work()
+{
+    (this->*state)();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::addWantedOutputs(const StringSet & outputs)
+{
+    /* If we already want all outputs, there is nothing to do. */
+    if (wantedOutputs.empty()) return;
+
+    if (outputs.empty()) {
+        wantedOutputs.clear();
+        needRestart = true;
+    } else
+        for (auto & i : outputs)
+            if (wantedOutputs.insert(i).second)
+                needRestart = true;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::getDerivation()
+{
+    trace("init");
+
+    /* The first thing to do is to make sure that the derivation
+       exists.  If it doesn't, it may be created through a
+       substitute. */
+    if (buildMode == bmNormal && worker.store.isValidPath(drvPath)) {
+        loadDerivation();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    addWaitee(upcast_goal(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(drvPath)));
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::loadDerivation;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::loadDerivation()
+{
+    trace("loading derivation");
+
+    if (nrFailed != 0) {
+        done(BuildResult::MiscFailure, Error("cannot build missing derivation '%s'", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* `drvPath' should already be a root, but let's be on the safe
+       side: if the user forgot to make it a root, we wouldn't want
+       things being garbage collected while we're busy. */
+    worker.store.addTempRoot(drvPath);
+
+    assert(worker.store.isValidPath(drvPath));
+
+    /* Get the derivation. */
+    drv = std::make_unique<Derivation>(worker.store.derivationFromPath(drvPath));
+
+    haveDerivation();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::haveDerivation()
+{
+    trace("have derivation");
+
+    if (drv->type() == DerivationType::CAFloating)
+        settings.requireExperimentalFeature("ca-derivations");
+
+    retrySubstitution = false;
+
+    for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+        if (i.second.second)
+            worker.store.addTempRoot(*i.second.second);
+
+    auto outputHashes = staticOutputHashes(worker.store, *drv);
+    for (auto &[outputName, outputHash] : outputHashes)
+      initialOutputs.insert({
+            outputName,
+            InitialOutput{
+                .wanted = true, // Will be refined later
+                .outputHash = outputHash
+            }
+          });
+
+    /* Check what outputs paths are not already valid. */
+    checkPathValidity();
+    bool allValid = true;
+    for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+        if (!status.wanted) continue;
+        if (!status.known || !status.known->isValid()) {
+            allValid = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If they are all valid, then we're done. */
+    if (allValid && buildMode == bmNormal) {
+        done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    parsedDrv = std::make_unique<ParsedDerivation>(drvPath, *drv);
+
+
+    /* We are first going to try to create the invalid output paths
+       through substitutes.  If that doesn't work, we'll build
+       them. */
+    if (settings.useSubstitutes && parsedDrv->substitutesAllowed())
+        for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+            if (!status.wanted) continue;
+            if (!status.known) {
+                warn("do not know how to query for unknown floating content-addressed derivation output yet");
+                /* Nothing to wait for; tail call */
+                return DerivationGoal::gaveUpOnSubstitution();
+            }
+            addWaitee(upcast_goal(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(
+                status.known->path,
+                buildMode == bmRepair ? Repair : NoRepair,
+                getDerivationCA(*drv))));
+        }
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) /* to prevent hang (no wake-up event) */
+        outputsSubstitutionTried();
+    else
+        state = &DerivationGoal::outputsSubstitutionTried;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::outputsSubstitutionTried()
+{
+    trace("all outputs substituted (maybe)");
+
+    if (nrFailed > 0 && nrFailed > nrNoSubstituters + nrIncompleteClosure && !settings.tryFallback) {
+        done(BuildResult::TransientFailure,
+            fmt("some substitutes for the outputs of derivation '%s' failed (usually happens due to networking issues); try '--fallback' to build derivation from source ",
+                worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*  If the substitutes form an incomplete closure, then we should
+        build the dependencies of this derivation, but after that, we
+        can still use the substitutes for this derivation itself.
+
+        If the nrIncompleteClosure != nrFailed, we have another issue as well.
+        In particular, it may be the case that the hole in the closure is
+        an output of the current derivation, which causes a loop if retried.
+     */
+    if (nrIncompleteClosure > 0 && nrIncompleteClosure == nrFailed) retrySubstitution = true;
+
+    nrFailed = nrNoSubstituters = nrIncompleteClosure = 0;
+
+    if (needRestart) {
+        needRestart = false;
+        haveDerivation();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    checkPathValidity();
+    size_t nrInvalid = 0;
+    for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+        if (!status.wanted) continue;
+        if (!status.known || !status.known->isValid())
+            nrInvalid++;
+    }
+
+    if (buildMode == bmNormal && nrInvalid == 0) {
+        done(BuildResult::Substituted);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (buildMode == bmRepair && nrInvalid == 0) {
+        repairClosure();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (buildMode == bmCheck && nrInvalid > 0)
+        throw Error("some outputs of '%s' are not valid, so checking is not possible",
+            worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+
+    /* Nothing to wait for; tail call */
+    gaveUpOnSubstitution();
+}
+
+/* At least one of the output paths could not be
+   produced using a substitute.  So we have to build instead. */
+void DerivationGoal::gaveUpOnSubstitution()
+{
+    /* Make sure checkPathValidity() from now on checks all
+       outputs. */
+    wantedOutputs.clear();
+
+    /* The inputs must be built before we can build this goal. */
+    if (useDerivation)
+        for (auto & i : dynamic_cast<Derivation *>(drv.get())->inputDrvs)
+            addWaitee(worker.makeDerivationGoal(i.first, i.second, buildMode == bmRepair ? bmRepair : bmNormal));
+
+    for (auto & i : drv->inputSrcs) {
+        if (worker.store.isValidPath(i)) continue;
+        if (!settings.useSubstitutes)
+            throw Error("dependency '%s' of '%s' does not exist, and substitution is disabled",
+                worker.store.printStorePath(i), worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+        addWaitee(upcast_goal(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(i)));
+    }
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) /* to prevent hang (no wake-up event) */
+        inputsRealised();
+    else
+        state = &DerivationGoal::inputsRealised;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::repairClosure()
+{
+    /* If we're repairing, we now know that our own outputs are valid.
+       Now check whether the other paths in the outputs closure are
+       good.  If not, then start derivation goals for the derivations
+       that produced those outputs. */
+
+    /* Get the output closure. */
+    auto outputs = queryDerivationOutputMap();
+    StorePathSet outputClosure;
+    for (auto & i : outputs) {
+        if (!wantOutput(i.first, wantedOutputs)) continue;
+        worker.store.computeFSClosure(i.second, outputClosure);
+    }
+
+    /* Filter out our own outputs (which we have already checked). */
+    for (auto & i : outputs)
+        outputClosure.erase(i.second);
+
+    /* Get all dependencies of this derivation so that we know which
+       derivation is responsible for which path in the output
+       closure. */
+    StorePathSet inputClosure;
+    if (useDerivation) worker.store.computeFSClosure(drvPath, inputClosure);
+    std::map<StorePath, StorePath> outputsToDrv;
+    for (auto & i : inputClosure)
+        if (i.isDerivation()) {
+            auto depOutputs = worker.store.queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(i);
+            for (auto & j : depOutputs)
+                if (j.second)
+                    outputsToDrv.insert_or_assign(*j.second, i);
+        }
+
+    /* Check each path (slow!). */
+    for (auto & i : outputClosure) {
+        if (worker.pathContentsGood(i)) continue;
+        printError(
+            "found corrupted or missing path '%s' in the output closure of '%s'",
+            worker.store.printStorePath(i), worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+        auto drvPath2 = outputsToDrv.find(i);
+        if (drvPath2 == outputsToDrv.end())
+            addWaitee(upcast_goal(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(i, Repair)));
+        else
+            addWaitee(worker.makeDerivationGoal(drvPath2->second, StringSet(), bmRepair));
+    }
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) {
+        done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::closureRepaired;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::closureRepaired()
+{
+    trace("closure repaired");
+    if (nrFailed > 0)
+        throw Error("some paths in the output closure of derivation '%s' could not be repaired",
+            worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+    done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
+{
+    trace("all inputs realised");
+
+    if (nrFailed != 0) {
+        if (!useDerivation)
+            throw Error("some dependencies of '%s' are missing", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+        done(BuildResult::DependencyFailed, Error(
+                "%s dependencies of derivation '%s' failed to build",
+                nrFailed, worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (retrySubstitution) {
+        haveDerivation();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Gather information necessary for computing the closure and/or
+       running the build hook. */
+
+    /* Determine the full set of input paths. */
+
+    /* First, the input derivations. */
+    if (useDerivation) {
+        auto & fullDrv = *dynamic_cast<Derivation *>(drv.get());
+
+        if (settings.isExperimentalFeatureEnabled("ca-derivations") &&
+            ((!fullDrv.inputDrvs.empty() && derivationIsCA(fullDrv.type()))
+            || fullDrv.type() == DerivationType::DeferredInputAddressed)) {
+            /* We are be able to resolve this derivation based on the
+               now-known results of dependencies. If so, we become a stub goal
+               aliasing that resolved derivation goal */
+            std::optional attempt = fullDrv.tryResolve(worker.store);
+            assert(attempt);
+            Derivation drvResolved { *std::move(attempt) };
+
+            auto pathResolved = writeDerivation(worker.store, drvResolved);
+            resolvedDrv = drvResolved;
+
+            auto msg = fmt("Resolved derivation: '%s' -> '%s'",
+                worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath),
+                worker.store.printStorePath(pathResolved));
+            act = std::make_unique<Activity>(*logger, lvlInfo, actBuildWaiting, msg,
+                Logger::Fields {
+                       worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath),
+                       worker.store.printStorePath(pathResolved),
+                   });
+
+            auto resolvedGoal = worker.makeDerivationGoal(
+                pathResolved, wantedOutputs, buildMode);
+            addWaitee(resolvedGoal);
+
+            state = &DerivationGoal::resolvedFinished;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (auto & [depDrvPath, wantedDepOutputs] : fullDrv.inputDrvs) {
+            /* Add the relevant output closures of the input derivation
+               `i' as input paths.  Only add the closures of output paths
+               that are specified as inputs. */
+            assert(worker.store.isValidPath(drvPath));
+            auto outputs = worker.store.queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(depDrvPath);
+            for (auto & j : wantedDepOutputs) {
+                if (outputs.count(j) > 0) {
+                    auto optRealizedInput = outputs.at(j);
+                    if (!optRealizedInput)
+                        throw Error(
+                            "derivation '%s' requires output '%s' from input derivation '%s', which is supposedly realized already, yet we still don't know what path corresponds to that output",
+                            worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), j, worker.store.printStorePath(depDrvPath));
+                    worker.store.computeFSClosure(*optRealizedInput, inputPaths);
+                } else
+                    throw Error(
+                        "derivation '%s' requires non-existent output '%s' from input derivation '%s'",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), j, worker.store.printStorePath(depDrvPath));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Second, the input sources. */
+    worker.store.computeFSClosure(drv->inputSrcs, inputPaths);
+
+    debug("added input paths %s", worker.store.showPaths(inputPaths));
+
+    /* What type of derivation are we building? */
+    derivationType = drv->type();
+
+    /* Don't repeat fixed-output derivations since they're already
+       verified by their output hash.*/
+    nrRounds = derivationIsFixed(derivationType) ? 1 : settings.buildRepeat + 1;
+
+    /* Okay, try to build.  Note that here we don't wait for a build
+       slot to become available, since we don't need one if there is a
+       build hook. */
+    state = &DerivationGoal::tryToBuild;
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+
+    result = BuildResult();
+}
+
+void DerivationGoal::started() {
+    auto msg = fmt(
+        buildMode == bmRepair ? "repairing outputs of '%s'" :
+        buildMode == bmCheck ? "checking outputs of '%s'" :
+        nrRounds > 1 ? "building '%s' (round %d/%d)" :
+        "building '%s'", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), curRound, nrRounds);
+    fmt("building '%s'", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+    if (hook) msg += fmt(" on '%s'", machineName);
+    act = std::make_unique<Activity>(*logger, lvlInfo, actBuild, msg,
+        Logger::Fields{worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), hook ? machineName : "", curRound, nrRounds});
+    mcRunningBuilds = std::make_unique<MaintainCount<uint64_t>>(worker.runningBuilds);
+    worker.updateProgress();
+}
+
+void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
+{
+    trace("trying to build");
+
+    /* Obtain locks on all output paths, if the paths are known a priori.
+
+       The locks are automatically released when we exit this function or Nix
+       crashes.  If we can't acquire the lock, then continue; hopefully some
+       other goal can start a build, and if not, the main loop will sleep a few
+       seconds and then retry this goal. */
+    PathSet lockFiles;
+    /* FIXME: Should lock something like the drv itself so we don't build same
+       CA drv concurrently */
+    if (dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store))
+        /* If we aren't a local store, we might need to use the local store as
+           a build remote, but that would cause a deadlock. */
+        /* FIXME: Make it so we can use ourselves as a build remote even if we
+           are the local store (separate locking for building vs scheduling? */
+        /* FIXME: find some way to lock for scheduling for the other stores so
+           a forking daemon with --store still won't farm out redundant builds.
+           */
+        for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+            if (i.second.second)
+                lockFiles.insert(worker.store.Store::toRealPath(*i.second.second));
+
+    if (!outputLocks.lockPaths(lockFiles, "", false)) {
+        if (!actLock)
+            actLock = std::make_unique<Activity>(*logger, lvlWarn, actBuildWaiting,
+                fmt("waiting for lock on %s", yellowtxt(showPaths(lockFiles))));
+        worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    actLock.reset();
+
+    /* Now check again whether the outputs are valid.  This is because
+       another process may have started building in parallel.  After
+       it has finished and released the locks, we can (and should)
+       reuse its results.  (Strictly speaking the first check can be
+       omitted, but that would be less efficient.)  Note that since we
+       now hold the locks on the output paths, no other process can
+       build this derivation, so no further checks are necessary. */
+    checkPathValidity();
+    bool allValid = true;
+    for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+        if (!status.wanted) continue;
+        if (!status.known || !status.known->isValid()) {
+            allValid = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (buildMode != bmCheck && allValid) {
+        debug("skipping build of derivation '%s', someone beat us to it", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+        outputLocks.setDeletion(true);
+        done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* If any of the outputs already exist but are not valid, delete
+       them. */
+    for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+        if (!status.known || status.known->isValid()) continue;
+        auto storePath = status.known->path;
+        debug("removing invalid path '%s'", worker.store.printStorePath(status.known->path));
+        deletePath(worker.store.Store::toRealPath(storePath));
+    }
+
+    /* Don't do a remote build if the derivation has the attribute
+       `preferLocalBuild' set.  Also, check and repair modes are only
+       supported for local builds. */
+    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || parsedDrv->willBuildLocally(worker.store);
+
+    if (!buildLocally) {
+        switch (tryBuildHook()) {
+            case rpAccept:
+                /* Yes, it has started doing so.  Wait until we get
+                   EOF from the hook. */
+                actLock.reset();
+                result.startTime = time(0); // inexact
+                state = &DerivationGoal::buildDone;
+                started();
+                return;
+            case rpPostpone:
+                /* Not now; wait until at least one child finishes or
+                   the wake-up timeout expires. */
+                if (!actLock)
+                    actLock = std::make_unique<Activity>(*logger, lvlWarn, actBuildWaiting,
+                        fmt("waiting for a machine to build '%s'", yellowtxt(worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath))));
+                worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+                outputLocks.unlock();
+                return;
+            case rpDecline:
+                /* We should do it ourselves. */
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    actLock.reset();
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::tryLocalBuild;
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+void DerivationGoal::tryLocalBuild() {
+    /* Make sure that we are allowed to start a build. */
+    if (!dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store)) {
+        throw Error(
+            "unable to build with a primary store that isn't a local store; "
+            "either pass a different '--store' or enable remote builds."
+            "\nhttps://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-distributed-builds");
+    }
+    unsigned int curBuilds = worker.getNrLocalBuilds();
+    if (curBuilds >= settings.maxBuildJobs) {
+        worker.waitForBuildSlot(shared_from_this());
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* If `build-users-group' is not empty, then we have to build as
+       one of the members of that group. */
+    if (settings.buildUsersGroup != "" && getuid() == 0) {
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+        if (!buildUser) buildUser = std::make_unique<UserLock>();
+
+        if (buildUser->findFreeUser()) {
+            /* Make sure that no other processes are executing under this
+               uid. */
+            buildUser->kill();
+        } else {
+            if (!actLock)
+                actLock = std::make_unique<Activity>(*logger, lvlWarn, actBuildWaiting,
+                    fmt("waiting for UID to build '%s'", yellowtxt(worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath))));
+            worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+            return;
+        }
+#else
+        /* Don't know how to block the creation of setuid/setgid
+           binaries on this platform. */
+        throw Error("build users are not supported on this platform for security reasons");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    actLock.reset();
+
+    try {
+
+        /* Okay, we have to build. */
+        startBuilder();
+
+    } catch (BuildError & e) {
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+        buildUser.reset();
+        worker.permanentFailure = true;
+        done(BuildResult::InputRejected, e);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* This state will be reached when we get EOF on the child's
+       log pipe. */
+    state = &DerivationGoal::buildDone;
+
+    started();
+}
+
+
+static void chmod_(const Path & path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) == -1)
+        throw SysError("setting permissions on '%s'", path);
+}
+
+
+/* Move/rename path 'src' to 'dst'. Temporarily make 'src' writable if
+   it's a directory and we're not root (to be able to update the
+   directory's parent link ".."). */
+static void movePath(const Path & src, const Path & dst)
+{
+    auto st = lstat(src);
+
+    bool changePerm = (geteuid() && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !(st.st_mode & S_IWUSR));
+
+    if (changePerm)
+        chmod_(src, st.st_mode | S_IWUSR);
+
+    if (rename(src.c_str(), dst.c_str()))
+        throw SysError("renaming '%1%' to '%2%'", src, dst);
+
+    if (changePerm)
+        chmod_(dst, st.st_mode);
+}
+
+
+void replaceValidPath(const Path & storePath, const Path & tmpPath)
+{
+    /* We can't atomically replace storePath (the original) with
+       tmpPath (the replacement), so we have to move it out of the
+       way first.  We'd better not be interrupted here, because if
+       we're repairing (say) Glibc, we end up with a broken system. */
+    Path oldPath = (format("%1%.old-%2%-%3%") % storePath % getpid() % random()).str();
+    if (pathExists(storePath))
+        movePath(storePath, oldPath);
+
+    try {
+        movePath(tmpPath, storePath);
+    } catch (...) {
+        try {
+            // attempt to recover
+            movePath(oldPath, storePath);
+        } catch (...) {
+            ignoreException();
+        }
+        throw;
+    }
+
+    deletePath(oldPath);
+}
+
+
+MakeError(NotDeterministic, BuildError);
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::buildDone()
+{
+    trace("build done");
+
+    /* Release the build user at the end of this function. We don't do
+       it right away because we don't want another build grabbing this
+       uid and then messing around with our output. */
+    Finally releaseBuildUser([&]() { buildUser.reset(); });
+
+    sandboxMountNamespace = -1;
+
+    /* Since we got an EOF on the logger pipe, the builder is presumed
+       to have terminated.  In fact, the builder could also have
+       simply have closed its end of the pipe, so just to be sure,
+       kill it. */
+    int status = hook ? hook->pid.kill() : pid.kill();
+
+    debug("builder process for '%s' finished", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+
+    result.timesBuilt++;
+    result.stopTime = time(0);
+
+    /* So the child is gone now. */
+    worker.childTerminated(this);
+
+    /* Close the read side of the logger pipe. */
+    if (hook) {
+        hook->builderOut.readSide = -1;
+        hook->fromHook.readSide = -1;
+    } else
+        builderOut.readSide = -1;
+
+    /* Close the log file. */
+    closeLogFile();
+
+    /* When running under a build user, make sure that all processes
+       running under that uid are gone.  This is to prevent a
+       malicious user from leaving behind a process that keeps files
+       open and modifies them after they have been chown'ed to
+       root. */
+    if (buildUser) buildUser->kill();
+
+    /* Terminate the recursive Nix daemon. */
+    stopDaemon();
+
+    bool diskFull = false;
+
+    try {
+
+        /* Check the exit status. */
+        if (!statusOk(status)) {
+
+            /* Heuristically check whether the build failure may have
+               been caused by a disk full condition.  We have no way
+               of knowing whether the build actually got an ENOSPC.
+               So instead, check if the disk is (nearly) full now.  If
+               so, we don't mark this build as a permanent failure. */
+#if HAVE_STATVFS
+            if (auto localStore = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store)) {
+                uint64_t required = 8ULL * 1024 * 1024; // FIXME: make configurable
+                struct statvfs st;
+                if (statvfs(localStore->realStoreDir.c_str(), &st) == 0 &&
+                    (uint64_t) st.f_bavail * st.f_bsize < required)
+                    diskFull = true;
+                if (statvfs(tmpDir.c_str(), &st) == 0 &&
+                    (uint64_t) st.f_bavail * st.f_bsize < required)
+                    diskFull = true;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            deleteTmpDir(false);
+
+            /* Move paths out of the chroot for easier debugging of
+               build failures. */
+            if (useChroot && buildMode == bmNormal)
+                for (auto & [_, status] : initialOutputs) {
+                    if (!status.known) continue;
+                    if (buildMode != bmCheck && status.known->isValid()) continue;
+                    auto p = worker.store.printStorePath(status.known->path);
+                    if (pathExists(chrootRootDir + p))
+                        rename((chrootRootDir + p).c_str(), p.c_str());
+                }
+
+            auto msg = fmt("builder for '%s' %s",
+                yellowtxt(worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)),
+                statusToString(status));
+
+            if (!logger->isVerbose() && !logTail.empty()) {
+                msg += fmt(";\nlast %d log lines:\n", logTail.size());
+                for (auto & line : logTail) {
+                    msg += "> ";
+                    msg += line;
+                    msg += "\n";
+                }
+                msg += fmt("For full logs, run '" ANSI_BOLD "nix log %s" ANSI_NORMAL "'.",
+                    worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+            }
+
+            if (diskFull)
+                msg += "\nnote: build failure may have been caused by lack of free disk space";
+
+            throw BuildError(msg);
+        }
+
+        /* Compute the FS closure of the outputs and register them as
+           being valid. */
+        registerOutputs();
+
+        if (settings.postBuildHook != "") {
+            Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, actPostBuildHook,
+                fmt("running post-build-hook '%s'", settings.postBuildHook),
+                Logger::Fields{worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)});
+            PushActivity pact(act.id);
+            StorePathSet outputPaths;
+            for (auto i : drv->outputs) {
+                outputPaths.insert(finalOutputs.at(i.first));
+            }
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> hookEnvironment = getEnv();
+
+            hookEnvironment.emplace("DRV_PATH", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+            hookEnvironment.emplace("OUT_PATHS", chomp(concatStringsSep(" ", worker.store.printStorePathSet(outputPaths))));
+
+            RunOptions opts(settings.postBuildHook, {});
+            opts.environment = hookEnvironment;
+
+            struct LogSink : Sink {
+                Activity & act;
+                std::string currentLine;
+
+                LogSink(Activity & act) : act(act) { }
+
+                void operator() (std::string_view data) override {
+                    for (auto c : data) {
+                        if (c == '\n') {
+                            flushLine();
+                        } else {
+                            currentLine += c;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                void flushLine() {
+                    act.result(resPostBuildLogLine, currentLine);
+                    currentLine.clear();
+                }
+
+                ~LogSink() {
+                    if (currentLine != "") {
+                        currentLine += '\n';
+                        flushLine();
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            LogSink sink(act);
+
+            opts.standardOut = &sink;
+            opts.mergeStderrToStdout = true;
+            runProgram2(opts);
+        }
+
+        if (buildMode == bmCheck) {
+            deleteTmpDir(true);
+            done(BuildResult::Built);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* Delete unused redirected outputs (when doing hash rewriting). */
+        for (auto & i : redirectedOutputs)
+            deletePath(worker.store.Store::toRealPath(i.second));
+
+        /* Delete the chroot (if we were using one). */
+        autoDelChroot.reset(); /* this runs the destructor */
+
+        deleteTmpDir(true);
+
+        /* Repeat the build if necessary. */
+        if (curRound++ < nrRounds) {
+            outputLocks.unlock();
+            state = &DerivationGoal::tryToBuild;
+            worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* It is now safe to delete the lock files, since all future
+           lockers will see that the output paths are valid; they will
+           not create new lock files with the same names as the old
+           (unlinked) lock files. */
+        outputLocks.setDeletion(true);
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+
+    } catch (BuildError & e) {
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+
+        BuildResult::Status st = BuildResult::MiscFailure;
+
+        if (hook && WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 101)
+            st = BuildResult::TimedOut;
+
+        else if (hook && (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 100)) {
+        }
+
+        else {
+            st =
+                dynamic_cast<NotDeterministic*>(&e) ? BuildResult::NotDeterministic :
+                statusOk(status) ? BuildResult::OutputRejected :
+                derivationIsImpure(derivationType) || diskFull ? BuildResult::TransientFailure :
+                BuildResult::PermanentFailure;
+        }
+
+        done(st, e);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    done(BuildResult::Built);
+}
+
+void DerivationGoal::resolvedFinished() {
+    assert(resolvedDrv);
+
+    auto resolvedHashes = staticOutputHashes(worker.store, *resolvedDrv);
+
+    // `wantedOutputs` might be empty, which means “all the outputs”
+    auto realWantedOutputs = wantedOutputs;
+    if (realWantedOutputs.empty())
+        realWantedOutputs = resolvedDrv->outputNames();
+
+    for (auto & wantedOutput : realWantedOutputs) {
+        assert(initialOutputs.count(wantedOutput) != 0);
+        assert(resolvedHashes.count(wantedOutput) != 0);
+        auto realisation = worker.store.queryRealisation(
+                DrvOutput{resolvedHashes.at(wantedOutput), wantedOutput}
+        );
+        // We've just built it, but maybe the build failed, in which case the
+        // realisation won't be there
+        if (realisation) {
+            auto newRealisation = *realisation;
+            newRealisation.id = DrvOutput{initialOutputs.at(wantedOutput).outputHash, wantedOutput};
+            worker.store.registerDrvOutput(newRealisation);
+        } else {
+            // If we don't have a realisation, then it must mean that something
+            // failed when building the resolved drv
+            assert(!result.success());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This is potentially a bit fishy in terms of error reporting. Not sure
+    // how to do it in a cleaner way
+    amDone(nrFailed == 0 ? ecSuccess : ecFailed, ex);
+}
+
+HookReply DerivationGoal::tryBuildHook()
+{
+    if (!worker.tryBuildHook || !useDerivation) return rpDecline;
+
+    if (!worker.hook)
+        worker.hook = std::make_unique<HookInstance>();
+
+    try {
+
+        /* Send the request to the hook. */
+        worker.hook->sink
+            << "try"
+            << (worker.getNrLocalBuilds() < settings.maxBuildJobs ? 1 : 0)
+            << drv->platform
+            << worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)
+            << parsedDrv->getRequiredSystemFeatures();
+        worker.hook->sink.flush();
+
+        /* Read the first line of input, which should be a word indicating
+           whether the hook wishes to perform the build. */
+        string reply;
+        while (true) {
+            auto s = [&]() {
+                try {
+                    return readLine(worker.hook->fromHook.readSide.get());
+                } catch (Error & e) {
+                    e.addTrace({}, "while reading the response from the build hook");
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }();
+            if (handleJSONLogMessage(s, worker.act, worker.hook->activities, true))
+                ;
+            else if (string(s, 0, 2) == "# ") {
+                reply = string(s, 2);
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                s += "\n";
+                writeToStderr(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        debug("hook reply is '%1%'", reply);
+
+        if (reply == "decline")
+            return rpDecline;
+        else if (reply == "decline-permanently") {
+            worker.tryBuildHook = false;
+            worker.hook = 0;
+            return rpDecline;
+        }
+        else if (reply == "postpone")
+            return rpPostpone;
+        else if (reply != "accept")
+            throw Error("bad hook reply '%s'", reply);
+
+    } catch (SysError & e) {
+        if (e.errNo == EPIPE) {
+            printError(
+                "build hook died unexpectedly: %s",
+                chomp(drainFD(worker.hook->fromHook.readSide.get())));
+            worker.hook = 0;
+            return rpDecline;
+        } else
+            throw;
+    }
+
+    hook = std::move(worker.hook);
+
+    try {
+        machineName = readLine(hook->fromHook.readSide.get());
+    } catch (Error & e) {
+        e.addTrace({}, "while reading the machine name from the build hook");
+        throw e;
+    }
+
+    /* Tell the hook all the inputs that have to be copied to the
+       remote system. */
+    worker_proto::write(worker.store, hook->sink, inputPaths);
+
+    /* Tell the hooks the missing outputs that have to be copied back
+       from the remote system. */
+    {
+        StringSet missingOutputs;
+        for (auto & [outputName, status] : initialOutputs) {
+            // XXX: Does this include known CA outputs?
+            if (buildMode != bmCheck && status.known && status.known->isValid()) continue;
+            missingOutputs.insert(outputName);
+        }
+        worker_proto::write(worker.store, hook->sink, missingOutputs);
+    }
+
+    hook->sink = FdSink();
+    hook->toHook.writeSide = -1;
+
+    /* Create the log file and pipe. */
+    Path logFile = openLogFile();
+
+    set<int> fds;
+    fds.insert(hook->fromHook.readSide.get());
+    fds.insert(hook->builderOut.readSide.get());
+    worker.childStarted(shared_from_this(), fds, false, false);
+
+    return rpAccept;
+}
+
+
+int childEntry(void * arg)
+{
+    ((DerivationGoal *) arg)->runChild();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+StorePathSet DerivationGoal::exportReferences(const StorePathSet & storePaths)
+{
+    StorePathSet paths;
+
+    for (auto & storePath : storePaths) {
+        if (!inputPaths.count(storePath))
+            throw BuildError("cannot export references of path '%s' because it is not in the input closure of the derivation", worker.store.printStorePath(storePath));
+
+        worker.store.computeFSClosure({storePath}, paths);
+    }
+
+    /* If there are derivations in the graph, then include their
+       outputs as well.  This is useful if you want to do things
+       like passing all build-time dependencies of some path to a
+       derivation that builds a NixOS DVD image. */
+    auto paths2 = paths;
+
+    for (auto & j : paths2) {
+        if (j.isDerivation()) {
+            Derivation drv = worker.store.derivationFromPath(j);
+            for (auto & k : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store)) {
+                if (!k.second.second)
+                    /* FIXME: I am confused why we are calling
+                       `computeFSClosure` on the output path, rather than
+                       derivation itself. That doesn't seem right to me, so I
+                       won't try to implemented this for CA derivations. */
+                    throw UnimplementedError("exportReferences on CA derivations is not yet implemented");
+                worker.store.computeFSClosure(*k.second.second, paths);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return paths;
+}
+
+static std::once_flag dns_resolve_flag;
+
+static void preloadNSS() {
+    /* builtin:fetchurl can trigger a DNS lookup, which with glibc can trigger a dynamic library load of
+       one of the glibc NSS libraries in a sandboxed child, which will fail unless the library's already
+       been loaded in the parent. So we force a lookup of an invalid domain to force the NSS machinery to
+       load its lookup libraries in the parent before any child gets a chance to. */
+    std::call_once(dns_resolve_flag, []() {
+        struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
+
+        if (getaddrinfo("this.pre-initializes.the.dns.resolvers.invalid.", "http", NULL, &res) != 0) {
+            if (res) freeaddrinfo(res);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+
+void linkOrCopy(const Path & from, const Path & to)
+{
+    if (link(from.c_str(), to.c_str()) == -1) {
+        /* Hard-linking fails if we exceed the maximum link count on a
+           file (e.g. 32000 of ext3), which is quite possible after a
+           'nix-store --optimise'. FIXME: actually, why don't we just
+           bind-mount in this case?
+
+           It can also fail with EPERM in BeegFS v7 and earlier versions
+           which don't allow hard-links to other directories */
+        if (errno != EMLINK && errno != EPERM)
+            throw SysError("linking '%s' to '%s'", to, from);
+        copyPath(from, to);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
+{
+    /* Right platform? */
+    if (!parsedDrv->canBuildLocally(worker.store))
+        throw Error("a '%s' with features {%s} is required to build '%s', but I am a '%s' with features {%s}",
+            drv->platform,
+            concatStringsSep(", ", parsedDrv->getRequiredSystemFeatures()),
+            worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath),
+            settings.thisSystem,
+            concatStringsSep<StringSet>(", ", worker.store.systemFeatures));
+
+    if (drv->isBuiltin())
+        preloadNSS();
+
+#if __APPLE__
+    additionalSandboxProfile = parsedDrv->getStringAttr("__sandboxProfile").value_or("");
+#endif
+
+    /* Are we doing a chroot build? */
+    {
+        auto noChroot = parsedDrv->getBoolAttr("__noChroot");
+        if (settings.sandboxMode == smEnabled) {
+            if (noChroot)
+                throw Error("derivation '%s' has '__noChroot' set, "
+                    "but that's not allowed when 'sandbox' is 'true'", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+#if __APPLE__
+            if (additionalSandboxProfile != "")
+                throw Error("derivation '%s' specifies a sandbox profile, "
+                    "but this is only allowed when 'sandbox' is 'relaxed'", worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+#endif
+            useChroot = true;
+        }
+        else if (settings.sandboxMode == smDisabled)
+            useChroot = false;
+        else if (settings.sandboxMode == smRelaxed)
+            useChroot = !(derivationIsImpure(derivationType)) && !noChroot;
+    }
+
+    if (auto localStoreP = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store)) {
+        auto & localStore = *localStoreP;
+        if (localStore.storeDir != localStore.realStoreDir) {
+            #if __linux__
+                useChroot = true;
+            #else
+                throw Error("building using a diverted store is not supported on this platform");
+            #endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Create a temporary directory where the build will take
+       place. */
+    tmpDir = createTempDir("", "nix-build-" + std::string(drvPath.name()), false, false, 0700);
+
+    chownToBuilder(tmpDir);
+
+    for (auto & [outputName, status] : initialOutputs) {
+        /* Set scratch path we'll actually use during the build.
+
+           If we're not doing a chroot build, but we have some valid
+           output paths.  Since we can't just overwrite or delete
+           them, we have to do hash rewriting: i.e. in the
+           environment/arguments passed to the build, we replace the
+           hashes of the valid outputs with unique dummy strings;
+           after the build, we discard the redirected outputs
+           corresponding to the valid outputs, and rewrite the
+           contents of the new outputs to replace the dummy strings
+           with the actual hashes. */
+        auto scratchPath =
+            !status.known
+                ? makeFallbackPath(outputName)
+            : !needsHashRewrite()
+                /* Can always use original path in sandbox */
+                ? status.known->path
+            : !status.known->isPresent()
+                /* If path doesn't yet exist can just use it */
+                ? status.known->path
+            : buildMode != bmRepair && !status.known->isValid()
+                /* If we aren't repairing we'll delete a corrupted path, so we
+                   can use original path */
+                ? status.known->path
+            :   /* If we are repairing or the path is totally valid, we'll need
+                   to use a temporary path */
+                makeFallbackPath(status.known->path);
+        scratchOutputs.insert_or_assign(outputName, scratchPath);
+
+        /* A non-removed corrupted path needs to be stored here, too */
+        if (buildMode == bmRepair && !status.known->isValid())
+            redirectedBadOutputs.insert(status.known->path);
+
+        /* Substitute output placeholders with the scratch output paths.
+           We'll use during the build. */
+        inputRewrites[hashPlaceholder(outputName)] = worker.store.printStorePath(scratchPath);
+
+        /* Additional tasks if we know the final path a priori. */
+        if (!status.known) continue;
+        auto fixedFinalPath = status.known->path;
+
+        /* Additional tasks if the final and scratch are both known and
+           differ. */
+        if (fixedFinalPath == scratchPath) continue;
+
+        /* Ensure scratch path is ours to use. */
+        deletePath(worker.store.printStorePath(scratchPath));
+
+        /* Rewrite and unrewrite paths */
+        {
+            std::string h1 { fixedFinalPath.hashPart() };
+            std::string h2 { scratchPath.hashPart() };
+            inputRewrites[h1] = h2;
+        }
+
+        redirectedOutputs.insert_or_assign(std::move(fixedFinalPath), std::move(scratchPath));
+    }
+
+    /* Construct the environment passed to the builder. */
+    initEnv();
+
+    writeStructuredAttrs();
+
+    /* Handle exportReferencesGraph(), if set. */
+    if (!parsedDrv->getStructuredAttrs()) {
+        /* The `exportReferencesGraph' feature allows the references graph
+           to be passed to a builder.  This attribute should be a list of
+           pairs [name1 path1 name2 path2 ...].  The references graph of
+           each `pathN' will be stored in a text file `nameN' in the
+           temporary build directory.  The text files have the format used
+           by `nix-store --register-validity'.  However, the deriver
+           fields are left empty. */
+        string s = get(drv->env, "exportReferencesGraph").value_or("");
+        Strings ss = tokenizeString<Strings>(s);
+        if (ss.size() % 2 != 0)
+            throw BuildError("odd number of tokens in 'exportReferencesGraph': '%1%'", s);
+        for (Strings::iterator i = ss.begin(); i != ss.end(); ) {
+            string fileName = *i++;
+            static std::regex regex("[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*");
+            if (!std::regex_match(fileName, regex))
+                throw Error("invalid file name '%s' in 'exportReferencesGraph'", fileName);
+
+            auto storePathS = *i++;
+            if (!worker.store.isInStore(storePathS))
+                throw BuildError("'exportReferencesGraph' contains a non-store path '%1%'", storePathS);
+            auto storePath = worker.store.toStorePath(storePathS).first;
+
+            /* Write closure info to <fileName>. */
+            writeFile(tmpDir + "/" + fileName,
+                worker.store.makeValidityRegistration(
+                    exportReferences({storePath}), false, false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (useChroot) {
+
+        /* Allow a user-configurable set of directories from the
+           host file system. */
+        dirsInChroot.clear();
+
+        for (auto i : settings.sandboxPaths.get()) {
+            if (i.empty()) continue;
+            bool optional = false;
+            if (i[i.size() - 1] == '?') {
+                optional = true;
+                i.pop_back();
+            }
+            size_t p = i.find('=');
+            if (p == string::npos)
+                dirsInChroot[i] = {i, optional};
+            else
+                dirsInChroot[string(i, 0, p)] = {string(i, p + 1), optional};
+        }
+        dirsInChroot[tmpDirInSandbox] = tmpDir;
+
+        /* Add the closure of store paths to the chroot. */
+        StorePathSet closure;
+        for (auto & i : dirsInChroot)
+            try {
+                if (worker.store.isInStore(i.second.source))
+                    worker.store.computeFSClosure(worker.store.toStorePath(i.second.source).first, closure);
+            } catch (InvalidPath & e) {
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                e.addTrace({}, "while processing 'sandbox-paths'");
+                throw;
+            }
+        for (auto & i : closure) {
+            auto p = worker.store.printStorePath(i);
+            dirsInChroot.insert_or_assign(p, p);
+        }
+
+        PathSet allowedPaths = settings.allowedImpureHostPrefixes;
+
+        /* This works like the above, except on a per-derivation level */
+        auto impurePaths = parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("__impureHostDeps").value_or(Strings());
+
+        for (auto & i : impurePaths) {
+            bool found = false;
+            /* Note: we're not resolving symlinks here to prevent
+               giving a non-root user info about inaccessible
+               files. */
+            Path canonI = canonPath(i);
+            /* If only we had a trie to do this more efficiently :) luckily, these are generally going to be pretty small */
+            for (auto & a : allowedPaths) {
+                Path canonA = canonPath(a);
+                if (canonI == canonA || isInDir(canonI, canonA)) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found)
+                throw Error("derivation '%s' requested impure path '%s', but it was not in allowed-impure-host-deps",
+                    worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), i);
+
+            dirsInChroot[i] = i;
+        }
+
+#if __linux__
+        /* Create a temporary directory in which we set up the chroot
+           environment using bind-mounts.  We put it in the Nix store
+           to ensure that we can create hard-links to non-directory
+           inputs in the fake Nix store in the chroot (see below). */
+        chrootRootDir = worker.store.Store::toRealPath(drvPath) + ".chroot";
+        deletePath(chrootRootDir);
+
+        /* Clean up the chroot directory automatically. */
+        autoDelChroot = std::make_shared<AutoDelete>(chrootRootDir);
+
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("setting up chroot environment in '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+
+        if (mkdir(chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0750) == -1)
+            throw SysError("cannot create '%1%'", chrootRootDir);
+
+        if (buildUser && chown(chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0, buildUser->getGID()) == -1)
+            throw SysError("cannot change ownership of '%1%'", chrootRootDir);
+
+        /* Create a writable /tmp in the chroot.  Many builders need
+           this.  (Of course they should really respect $TMPDIR
+           instead.) */
+        Path chrootTmpDir = chrootRootDir + "/tmp";
+        createDirs(chrootTmpDir);
+        chmod_(chrootTmpDir, 01777);
+
+        /* Create a /etc/passwd with entries for the build user and the
+           nobody account.  The latter is kind of a hack to support
+           Samba-in-QEMU. */
+        createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/etc");
+
+        /* Declare the build user's group so that programs get a consistent
+           view of the system (e.g., "id -gn"). */
+        writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/group",
+            fmt("root:x:0:\n"
+                "nixbld:!:%1%:\n"
+                "nogroup:x:65534:\n", sandboxGid()));
+
+        /* Create /etc/hosts with localhost entry. */
+        if (!(derivationIsImpure(derivationType)))
+            writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/hosts", "127.0.0.1 localhost\n::1 localhost\n");
+
+        /* Make the closure of the inputs available in the chroot,
+           rather than the whole Nix store.  This prevents any access
+           to undeclared dependencies.  Directories are bind-mounted,
+           while other inputs are hard-linked (since only directories
+           can be bind-mounted).  !!! As an extra security
+           precaution, make the fake Nix store only writable by the
+           build user. */
+        Path chrootStoreDir = chrootRootDir + worker.store.storeDir;
+        createDirs(chrootStoreDir);
+        chmod_(chrootStoreDir, 01775);
+
+        if (buildUser && chown(chrootStoreDir.c_str(), 0, buildUser->getGID()) == -1)
+            throw SysError("cannot change ownership of '%1%'", chrootStoreDir);
+
+        for (auto & i : inputPaths) {
+            auto p = worker.store.printStorePath(i);
+            Path r = worker.store.toRealPath(p);
+            if (S_ISDIR(lstat(r).st_mode))
+                dirsInChroot.insert_or_assign(p, r);
+            else
+                linkOrCopy(r, chrootRootDir + p);
+        }
+
+        /* If we're repairing, checking or rebuilding part of a
+           multiple-outputs derivation, it's possible that we're
+           rebuilding a path that is in settings.dirsInChroot
+           (typically the dependencies of /bin/sh).  Throw them
+           out. */
+        for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store)) {
+            /* If the name isn't known a priori (i.e. floating
+               content-addressed derivation), the temporary location we use
+               should be fresh.  Freshness means it is impossible that the path
+               is already in the sandbox, so we don't need to worry about
+               removing it.  */
+            if (i.second.second)
+                dirsInChroot.erase(worker.store.printStorePath(*i.second.second));
+        }
+
+#elif __APPLE__
+        /* We don't really have any parent prep work to do (yet?)
+           All work happens in the child, instead. */
+#else
+        throw Error("sandboxing builds is not supported on this platform");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (needsHashRewrite() && pathExists(homeDir))
+        throw Error("home directory '%1%' exists; please remove it to assure purity of builds without sandboxing", homeDir);
+
+    if (useChroot && settings.preBuildHook != "" && dynamic_cast<Derivation *>(drv.get())) {
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing pre-build hook '%1%'")
+            % settings.preBuildHook);
+        auto args = useChroot ? Strings({worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), chrootRootDir}) :
+            Strings({ worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath) });
+        enum BuildHookState {
+            stBegin,
+            stExtraChrootDirs
+        };
+        auto state = stBegin;
+        auto lines = runProgram(settings.preBuildHook, false, args);
+        auto lastPos = std::string::size_type{0};
+        for (auto nlPos = lines.find('\n'); nlPos != string::npos;
+                nlPos = lines.find('\n', lastPos)) {
+            auto line = std::string{lines, lastPos, nlPos - lastPos};
+            lastPos = nlPos + 1;
+            if (state == stBegin) {
+                if (line == "extra-sandbox-paths" || line == "extra-chroot-dirs") {
+                    state = stExtraChrootDirs;
+                } else {
+                    throw Error("unknown pre-build hook command '%1%'", line);
+                }
+            } else if (state == stExtraChrootDirs) {
+                if (line == "") {
+                    state = stBegin;
+                } else {
+                    auto p = line.find('=');
+                    if (p == string::npos)
+                        dirsInChroot[line] = line;
+                    else
+                        dirsInChroot[string(line, 0, p)] = string(line, p + 1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Fire up a Nix daemon to process recursive Nix calls from the
+       builder. */
+    if (parsedDrv->getRequiredSystemFeatures().count("recursive-nix"))
+        startDaemon();
+
+    /* Run the builder. */
+    printMsg(lvlChatty, "executing builder '%1%'", drv->builder);
+
+    /* Create the log file. */
+    Path logFile = openLogFile();
+
+    /* Create a pipe to get the output of the builder. */
+    //builderOut.create();
+
+    builderOut.readSide = posix_openpt(O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
+    if (!builderOut.readSide)
+        throw SysError("opening pseudoterminal master");
+
+    std::string slaveName(ptsname(builderOut.readSide.get()));
+
+    if (buildUser) {
+        if (chmod(slaveName.c_str(), 0600))
+            throw SysError("changing mode of pseudoterminal slave");
+
+        if (chown(slaveName.c_str(), buildUser->getUID(), 0))
+            throw SysError("changing owner of pseudoterminal slave");
+    }
+#if __APPLE__
+    else {
+        if (grantpt(builderOut.readSide.get()))
+            throw SysError("granting access to pseudoterminal slave");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    #if 0
+    // Mount the pt in the sandbox so that the "tty" command works.
+    // FIXME: this doesn't work with the new devpts in the sandbox.
+    if (useChroot)
+        dirsInChroot[slaveName] = {slaveName, false};
+    #endif
+
+    if (unlockpt(builderOut.readSide.get()))
+        throw SysError("unlocking pseudoterminal");
+
+    builderOut.writeSide = open(slaveName.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
+    if (!builderOut.writeSide)
+        throw SysError("opening pseudoterminal slave");
+
+    // Put the pt into raw mode to prevent \n -> \r\n translation.
+    struct termios term;
+    if (tcgetattr(builderOut.writeSide.get(), &term))
+        throw SysError("getting pseudoterminal attributes");
+
+    cfmakeraw(&term);
+
+    if (tcsetattr(builderOut.writeSide.get(), TCSANOW, &term))
+        throw SysError("putting pseudoterminal into raw mode");
+
+    result.startTime = time(0);
+
+    /* Fork a child to build the package. */
+    ProcessOptions options;
+
+#if __linux__
+    if (useChroot) {
+        /* Set up private namespaces for the build:
+
+           - The PID namespace causes the build to start as PID 1.
+             Processes outside of the chroot are not visible to those
+             on the inside, but processes inside the chroot are
+             visible from the outside (though with different PIDs).
+
+           - The private mount namespace ensures that all the bind
+             mounts we do will only show up in this process and its
+             children, and will disappear automatically when we're
+             done.
+
+           - The private network namespace ensures that the builder
+             cannot talk to the outside world (or vice versa).  It
+             only has a private loopback interface. (Fixed-output
+             derivations are not run in a private network namespace
+             to allow functions like fetchurl to work.)
+
+           - The IPC namespace prevents the builder from communicating
+             with outside processes using SysV IPC mechanisms (shared
+             memory, message queues, semaphores).  It also ensures
+             that all IPC objects are destroyed when the builder
+             exits.
+
+           - The UTS namespace ensures that builders see a hostname of
+             localhost rather than the actual hostname.
+
+           We use a helper process to do the clone() to work around
+           clone() being broken in multi-threaded programs due to
+           at-fork handlers not being run. Note that we use
+           CLONE_PARENT to ensure that the real builder is parented to
+           us.
+        */
+
+        if (!(derivationIsImpure(derivationType)))
+            privateNetwork = true;
+
+        userNamespaceSync.create();
+
+        options.allowVfork = false;
+
+        Path maxUserNamespaces = "/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces";
+        static bool userNamespacesEnabled =
+            pathExists(maxUserNamespaces)
+            && trim(readFile(maxUserNamespaces)) != "0";
+
+        usingUserNamespace = userNamespacesEnabled;
+
+        Pid helper = startProcess([&]() {
+
+            /* Drop additional groups here because we can't do it
+               after we've created the new user namespace.  FIXME:
+               this means that if we're not root in the parent
+               namespace, we can't drop additional groups; they will
+               be mapped to nogroup in the child namespace. There does
+               not seem to be a workaround for this. (But who can tell
+               from reading user_namespaces(7)?)
+               See also https://lwn.net/Articles/621612/. */
+            if (getuid() == 0 && setgroups(0, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("setgroups failed");
+
+            size_t stackSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
+            char * stack = (char *) mmap(0, stackSize,
+                PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_STACK, -1, 0);
+            if (stack == MAP_FAILED) throw SysError("allocating stack");
+
+            int flags = CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWIPC | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_PARENT | SIGCHLD;
+            if (privateNetwork)
+                flags |= CLONE_NEWNET;
+            if (usingUserNamespace)
+                flags |= CLONE_NEWUSER;
+
+            pid_t child = clone(childEntry, stack + stackSize, flags, this);
+            if (child == -1 && errno == EINVAL) {
+                /* Fallback for Linux < 2.13 where CLONE_NEWPID and
+                   CLONE_PARENT are not allowed together. */
+                flags &= ~CLONE_NEWPID;
+                child = clone(childEntry, stack + stackSize, flags, this);
+            }
+            if (usingUserNamespace && child == -1 && (errno == EPERM || errno == EINVAL)) {
+                /* Some distros patch Linux to not allow unprivileged
+                 * user namespaces. If we get EPERM or EINVAL, try
+                 * without CLONE_NEWUSER and see if that works.
+                 */
+                usingUserNamespace = false;
+                flags &= ~CLONE_NEWUSER;
+                child = clone(childEntry, stack + stackSize, flags, this);
+            }
+            /* Otherwise exit with EPERM so we can handle this in the
+               parent. This is only done when sandbox-fallback is set
+               to true (the default). */
+            if (child == -1 && (errno == EPERM || errno == EINVAL) && settings.sandboxFallback)
+                _exit(1);
+            if (child == -1) throw SysError("cloning builder process");
+
+            writeFull(builderOut.writeSide.get(),
+                fmt("%d %d\n", usingUserNamespace, child));
+            _exit(0);
+        }, options);
+
+        int res = helper.wait();
+        if (res != 0 && settings.sandboxFallback) {
+            useChroot = false;
+            initTmpDir();
+            goto fallback;
+        } else if (res != 0)
+            throw Error("unable to start build process");
+
+        userNamespaceSync.readSide = -1;
+
+        /* Close the write side to prevent runChild() from hanging
+           reading from this. */
+        Finally cleanup([&]() {
+            userNamespaceSync.writeSide = -1;
+        });
+
+        auto ss = tokenizeString<std::vector<std::string>>(readLine(builderOut.readSide.get()));
+        assert(ss.size() == 2);
+        usingUserNamespace = ss[0] == "1";
+        pid = string2Int<pid_t>(ss[1]).value();
+
+        if (usingUserNamespace) {
+            /* Set the UID/GID mapping of the builder's user namespace
+               such that the sandbox user maps to the build user, or to
+               the calling user (if build users are disabled). */
+            uid_t hostUid = buildUser ? buildUser->getUID() : getuid();
+            uid_t hostGid = buildUser ? buildUser->getGID() : getgid();
+
+            writeFile("/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/uid_map",
+                fmt("%d %d 1", sandboxUid(), hostUid));
+
+            writeFile("/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/setgroups", "deny");
+
+            writeFile("/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/gid_map",
+                fmt("%d %d 1", sandboxGid(), hostGid));
+        } else {
+            debug("note: not using a user namespace");
+            if (!buildUser)
+                throw Error("cannot perform a sandboxed build because user namespaces are not enabled; check /proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces");
+        }
+
+        /* Now that we now the sandbox uid, we can write
+           /etc/passwd. */
+        writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/passwd", fmt(
+                "root:x:0:0:Nix build user:%3%:/noshell\n"
+                "nixbld:x:%1%:%2%:Nix build user:%3%:/noshell\n"
+                "nobody:x:65534:65534:Nobody:/:/noshell\n",
+                sandboxUid(), sandboxGid(), settings.sandboxBuildDir));
+
+        /* Save the mount namespace of the child. We have to do this
+           *before* the child does a chroot. */
+        sandboxMountNamespace = open(fmt("/proc/%d/ns/mnt", (pid_t) pid).c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+        if (sandboxMountNamespace.get() == -1)
+            throw SysError("getting sandbox mount namespace");
+
+        /* Signal the builder that we've updated its user namespace. */
+        writeFull(userNamespaceSync.writeSide.get(), "1");
+
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+    fallback:
+        options.allowVfork = !buildUser && !drv->isBuiltin();
+        pid = startProcess([&]() {
+            runChild();
+        }, options);
+    }
+
+    /* parent */
+    pid.setSeparatePG(true);
+    builderOut.writeSide = -1;
+    worker.childStarted(shared_from_this(), {builderOut.readSide.get()}, true, true);
+
+    /* Check if setting up the build environment failed. */
+    std::vector<std::string> msgs;
+    while (true) {
+        string msg = [&]() {
+            try {
+                return readLine(builderOut.readSide.get());
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                e.addTrace({}, "while waiting for the build environment to initialize (previous messages: %s)",
+                    concatStringsSep("|", msgs));
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }();
+        if (string(msg, 0, 1) == "\2") break;
+        if (string(msg, 0, 1) == "\1") {
+            FdSource source(builderOut.readSide.get());
+            auto ex = readError(source);
+            ex.addTrace({}, "while setting up the build environment");
+            throw ex;
+        }
+        debug("sandbox setup: " + msg);
+        msgs.push_back(std::move(msg));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::initTmpDir() {
+    /* In a sandbox, for determinism, always use the same temporary
+       directory. */
+#if __linux__
+    tmpDirInSandbox = useChroot ? settings.sandboxBuildDir : tmpDir;
+#else
+    tmpDirInSandbox = tmpDir;
+#endif
+
+    /* In non-structured mode, add all bindings specified in the
+       derivation via the environment, except those listed in the
+       passAsFile attribute. Those are passed as file names pointing
+       to temporary files containing the contents. Note that
+       passAsFile is ignored in structure mode because it's not
+       needed (attributes are not passed through the environment, so
+       there is no size constraint). */
+    if (!parsedDrv->getStructuredAttrs()) {
+
+        StringSet passAsFile = tokenizeString<StringSet>(get(drv->env, "passAsFile").value_or(""));
+        for (auto & i : drv->env) {
+            if (passAsFile.find(i.first) == passAsFile.end()) {
+                env[i.first] = i.second;
+            } else {
+                auto hash = hashString(htSHA256, i.first);
+                string fn = ".attr-" + hash.to_string(Base32, false);
+                Path p = tmpDir + "/" + fn;
+                writeFile(p, rewriteStrings(i.second, inputRewrites));
+                chownToBuilder(p);
+                env[i.first + "Path"] = tmpDirInSandbox + "/" + fn;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /* For convenience, set an environment pointing to the top build
+       directory. */
+    env["NIX_BUILD_TOP"] = tmpDirInSandbox;
+
+    /* Also set TMPDIR and variants to point to this directory. */
+    env["TMPDIR"] = env["TEMPDIR"] = env["TMP"] = env["TEMP"] = tmpDirInSandbox;
+
+    /* Explicitly set PWD to prevent problems with chroot builds.  In
+       particular, dietlibc cannot figure out the cwd because the
+       inode of the current directory doesn't appear in .. (because
+       getdents returns the inode of the mount point). */
+    env["PWD"] = tmpDirInSandbox;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::initEnv()
+{
+    env.clear();
+
+    /* Most shells initialise PATH to some default (/bin:/usr/bin:...) when
+       PATH is not set.  We don't want this, so we fill it in with some dummy
+       value. */
+    env["PATH"] = "/path-not-set";
+
+    /* Set HOME to a non-existing path to prevent certain programs from using
+       /etc/passwd (or NIS, or whatever) to locate the home directory (for
+       example, wget looks for ~/.wgetrc).  I.e., these tools use /etc/passwd
+       if HOME is not set, but they will just assume that the settings file
+       they are looking for does not exist if HOME is set but points to some
+       non-existing path. */
+    env["HOME"] = homeDir;
+
+    /* Tell the builder where the Nix store is.  Usually they
+       shouldn't care, but this is useful for purity checking (e.g.,
+       the compiler or linker might only want to accept paths to files
+       in the store or in the build directory). */
+    env["NIX_STORE"] = worker.store.storeDir;
+
+    /* The maximum number of cores to utilize for parallel building. */
+    env["NIX_BUILD_CORES"] = (format("%d") % settings.buildCores).str();
+
+    initTmpDir();
+
+    /* Compatibility hack with Nix <= 0.7: if this is a fixed-output
+       derivation, tell the builder, so that for instance `fetchurl'
+       can skip checking the output.  On older Nixes, this environment
+       variable won't be set, so `fetchurl' will do the check. */
+    if (derivationIsFixed(derivationType)) env["NIX_OUTPUT_CHECKED"] = "1";
+
+    /* *Only* if this is a fixed-output derivation, propagate the
+       values of the environment variables specified in the
+       `impureEnvVars' attribute to the builder.  This allows for
+       instance environment variables for proxy configuration such as
+       `http_proxy' to be easily passed to downloaders like
+       `fetchurl'.  Passing such environment variables from the caller
+       to the builder is generally impure, but the output of
+       fixed-output derivations is by definition pure (since we
+       already know the cryptographic hash of the output). */
+    if (derivationIsImpure(derivationType)) {
+        for (auto & i : parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("impureEnvVars").value_or(Strings()))
+            env[i] = getEnv(i).value_or("");
+    }
+
+    /* Currently structured log messages piggyback on stderr, but we
+       may change that in the future. So tell the builder which file
+       descriptor to use for that. */
+    env["NIX_LOG_FD"] = "2";
+
+    /* Trigger colored output in various tools. */
+    env["TERM"] = "xterm-256color";
+}
+
+
+static std::regex shVarName("[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*");
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::writeStructuredAttrs()
+{
+    auto structuredAttrs = parsedDrv->getStructuredAttrs();
+    if (!structuredAttrs) return;
+
+    auto json = *structuredAttrs;
+
+    /* Add an "outputs" object containing the output paths. */
+    nlohmann::json outputs;
+    for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
+        /* The placeholder must have a rewrite, so we use it to cover both the
+           cases where we know or don't know the output path ahead of time. */
+        outputs[i.first] = rewriteStrings(hashPlaceholder(i.first), inputRewrites);
+    }
+    json["outputs"] = outputs;
+
+    /* Handle exportReferencesGraph. */
+    auto e = json.find("exportReferencesGraph");
+    if (e != json.end() && e->is_object()) {
+        for (auto i = e->begin(); i != e->end(); ++i) {
+            std::ostringstream str;
+            {
+                JSONPlaceholder jsonRoot(str, true);
+                StorePathSet storePaths;
+                for (auto & p : *i)
+                    storePaths.insert(worker.store.parseStorePath(p.get<std::string>()));
+                worker.store.pathInfoToJSON(jsonRoot,
+                    exportReferences(storePaths), false, true);
+            }
+            json[i.key()] = nlohmann::json::parse(str.str()); // urgh
+        }
+    }
+
+    writeFile(tmpDir + "/.attrs.json", rewriteStrings(json.dump(), inputRewrites));
+    chownToBuilder(tmpDir + "/.attrs.json");
+
+    /* As a convenience to bash scripts, write a shell file that
+       maps all attributes that are representable in bash -
+       namely, strings, integers, nulls, Booleans, and arrays and
+       objects consisting entirely of those values. (So nested
+       arrays or objects are not supported.) */
+
+    auto handleSimpleType = [](const nlohmann::json & value) -> std::optional<std::string> {
+        if (value.is_string())
+            return shellEscape(value);
+
+        if (value.is_number()) {
+            auto f = value.get<float>();
+            if (std::ceil(f) == f)
+                return std::to_string(value.get<int>());
+        }
+
+        if (value.is_null())
+            return std::string("''");
+
+        if (value.is_boolean())
+            return value.get<bool>() ? std::string("1") : std::string("");
+
+        return {};
+    };
+
+    std::string jsonSh;
+
+    for (auto i = json.begin(); i != json.end(); ++i) {
+
+        if (!std::regex_match(i.key(), shVarName)) continue;
+
+        auto & value = i.value();
+
+        auto s = handleSimpleType(value);
+        if (s)
+            jsonSh += fmt("declare %s=%s\n", i.key(), *s);
+
+        else if (value.is_array()) {
+            std::string s2;
+            bool good = true;
+
+            for (auto i = value.begin(); i != value.end(); ++i) {
+                auto s3 = handleSimpleType(i.value());
+                if (!s3) { good = false; break; }
+                s2 += *s3; s2 += ' ';
+            }
+
+            if (good)
+                jsonSh += fmt("declare -a %s=(%s)\n", i.key(), s2);
+        }
+
+        else if (value.is_object()) {
+            std::string s2;
+            bool good = true;
+
+            for (auto i = value.begin(); i != value.end(); ++i) {
+                auto s3 = handleSimpleType(i.value());
+                if (!s3) { good = false; break; }
+                s2 += fmt("[%s]=%s ", shellEscape(i.key()), *s3);
+            }
+
+            if (good)
+                jsonSh += fmt("declare -A %s=(%s)\n", i.key(), s2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    writeFile(tmpDir + "/.attrs.sh", rewriteStrings(jsonSh, inputRewrites));
+    chownToBuilder(tmpDir + "/.attrs.sh");
+}
+
+struct RestrictedStoreConfig : virtual LocalFSStoreConfig
+{
+    using LocalFSStoreConfig::LocalFSStoreConfig;
+    const std::string name() { return "Restricted Store"; }
+};
+
+/* A wrapper around LocalStore that only allows building/querying of
+   paths that are in the input closures of the build or were added via
+   recursive Nix calls. */
+struct RestrictedStore : public virtual RestrictedStoreConfig, public virtual LocalFSStore
+{
+    ref<LocalStore> next;
+
+    DerivationGoal & goal;
+
+    RestrictedStore(const Params & params, ref<LocalStore> next, DerivationGoal & goal)
+        : StoreConfig(params)
+        , LocalFSStoreConfig(params)
+        , RestrictedStoreConfig(params)
+        , Store(params)
+        , LocalFSStore(params)
+        , next(next), goal(goal)
+    { }
+
+    Path getRealStoreDir() override
+    { return next->realStoreDir; }
+
+    std::string getUri() override
+    { return next->getUri(); }
+
+    StorePathSet queryAllValidPaths() override
+    {
+        StorePathSet paths;
+        for (auto & p : goal.inputPaths) paths.insert(p);
+        for (auto & p : goal.addedPaths) paths.insert(p);
+        return paths;
+    }
+
+    void queryPathInfoUncached(const StorePath & path,
+        Callback<std::shared_ptr<const ValidPathInfo>> callback) noexcept override
+    {
+        if (goal.isAllowed(path)) {
+            try {
+                /* Censor impure information. */
+                auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(*next->queryPathInfo(path));
+                info->deriver.reset();
+                info->registrationTime = 0;
+                info->ultimate = false;
+                info->sigs.clear();
+                callback(info);
+            } catch (InvalidPath &) {
+                callback(nullptr);
+            }
+        } else
+            callback(nullptr);
+    };
+
+    void queryReferrers(const StorePath & path, StorePathSet & referrers) override
+    { }
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(const StorePath & path) override
+    {
+        if (!goal.isAllowed(path))
+            throw InvalidPath("cannot query output map for unknown path '%s' in recursive Nix", printStorePath(path));
+        return next->queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(path);
+    }
+
+    std::optional<StorePath> queryPathFromHashPart(const std::string & hashPart) override
+    { throw Error("queryPathFromHashPart"); }
+
+    StorePath addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
+        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override
+    { throw Error("addToStore"); }
+
+    void addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & narSource,
+        RepairFlag repair = NoRepair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs = CheckSigs) override
+    {
+        next->addToStore(info, narSource, repair, checkSigs);
+        goal.addDependency(info.path);
+    }
+
+    StorePath addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+        const StorePathSet & references, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override
+    {
+        auto path = next->addTextToStore(name, s, references, repair);
+        goal.addDependency(path);
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
+        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override
+    {
+        auto path = next->addToStoreFromDump(dump, name, method, hashAlgo, repair);
+        goal.addDependency(path);
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    void narFromPath(const StorePath & path, Sink & sink) override
+    {
+        if (!goal.isAllowed(path))
+            throw InvalidPath("cannot dump unknown path '%s' in recursive Nix", printStorePath(path));
+        LocalFSStore::narFromPath(path, sink);
+    }
+
+    void ensurePath(const StorePath & path) override
+    {
+        if (!goal.isAllowed(path))
+            throw InvalidPath("cannot substitute unknown path '%s' in recursive Nix", printStorePath(path));
+        /* Nothing to be done; 'path' must already be valid. */
+    }
+
+    void registerDrvOutput(const Realisation & info) override
+    // XXX: This should probably be allowed as a no-op if the realisation
+    // corresponds to an allowed derivation
+    { throw Error("registerDrvOutput"); }
+
+    std::optional<const Realisation> queryRealisation(const DrvOutput & id) override
+    // XXX: This should probably be allowed if the realisation corresponds to
+    // an allowed derivation
+    { throw Error("queryRealisation"); }
+
+    void buildPaths(const std::vector<StorePathWithOutputs> & paths, BuildMode buildMode) override
+    {
+        if (buildMode != bmNormal) throw Error("unsupported build mode");
+
+        StorePathSet newPaths;
+
+        for (auto & path : paths) {
+            if (!goal.isAllowed(path.path))
+                throw InvalidPath("cannot build unknown path '%s' in recursive Nix", printStorePath(path.path));
+        }
+
+        next->buildPaths(paths, buildMode);
+
+        for (auto & path : paths) {
+            if (!path.path.isDerivation()) continue;
+            auto outputs = next->queryDerivationOutputMap(path.path);
+            for (auto & output : outputs)
+                if (wantOutput(output.first, path.outputs))
+                    newPaths.insert(output.second);
+        }
+
+        StorePathSet closure;
+        next->computeFSClosure(newPaths, closure);
+        for (auto & path : closure)
+            goal.addDependency(path);
+    }
+
+    BuildResult buildDerivation(const StorePath & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv,
+        BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal) override
+    { unsupported("buildDerivation"); }
+
+    void addTempRoot(const StorePath & path) override
+    { }
+
+    void addIndirectRoot(const Path & path) override
+    { }
+
+    Roots findRoots(bool censor) override
+    { return Roots(); }
+
+    void collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results) override
+    { }
+
+    void addSignatures(const StorePath & storePath, const StringSet & sigs) override
+    { unsupported("addSignatures"); }
+
+    void queryMissing(const std::vector<StorePathWithOutputs> & targets,
+        StorePathSet & willBuild, StorePathSet & willSubstitute, StorePathSet & unknown,
+        uint64_t & downloadSize, uint64_t & narSize) override
+    {
+        /* This is slightly impure since it leaks information to the
+           client about what paths will be built/substituted or are
+           already present. Probably not a big deal. */
+
+        std::vector<StorePathWithOutputs> allowed;
+        for (auto & path : targets) {
+            if (goal.isAllowed(path.path))
+                allowed.emplace_back(path);
+            else
+                unknown.insert(path.path);
+        }
+
+        next->queryMissing(allowed, willBuild, willSubstitute,
+            unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
+    }
+};
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::startDaemon()
+{
+    settings.requireExperimentalFeature("recursive-nix");
+
+    Store::Params params;
+    params["path-info-cache-size"] = "0";
+    params["store"] = worker.store.storeDir;
+    if (auto localStore = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store))
+        params["root"] = localStore->rootDir;
+    params["state"] = "/no-such-path";
+    params["log"] = "/no-such-path";
+    auto store = make_ref<RestrictedStore>(params,
+        ref<LocalStore>(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LocalStore>(worker.store.shared_from_this())),
+        *this);
+
+    addedPaths.clear();
+
+    auto socketName = ".nix-socket";
+    Path socketPath = tmpDir + "/" + socketName;
+    env["NIX_REMOTE"] = "unix://" + tmpDirInSandbox + "/" + socketName;
+
+    daemonSocket = createUnixDomainSocket(socketPath, 0600);
+
+    chownToBuilder(socketPath);
+
+    daemonThread = std::thread([this, store]() {
+
+        while (true) {
+
+            /* Accept a connection. */
+            struct sockaddr_un remoteAddr;
+            socklen_t remoteAddrLen = sizeof(remoteAddr);
+
+            AutoCloseFD remote = accept(daemonSocket.get(),
+                (struct sockaddr *) &remoteAddr, &remoteAddrLen);
+            if (!remote) {
+                if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+                if (errno == EINVAL) break;
+                throw SysError("accepting connection");
+            }
+
+            closeOnExec(remote.get());
+
+            debug("received daemon connection");
+
+            auto workerThread = std::thread([store, remote{std::move(remote)}]() {
+                FdSource from(remote.get());
+                FdSink to(remote.get());
+                try {
+                    daemon::processConnection(store, from, to,
+                        daemon::NotTrusted, daemon::Recursive,
+                        [&](Store & store) { store.createUser("nobody", 65535); });
+                    debug("terminated daemon connection");
+                } catch (SysError &) {
+                    ignoreException();
+                }
+            });
+
+            daemonWorkerThreads.push_back(std::move(workerThread));
+        }
+
+        debug("daemon shutting down");
+    });
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::stopDaemon()
+{
+    if (daemonSocket && shutdown(daemonSocket.get(), SHUT_RDWR) == -1)
+        throw SysError("shutting down daemon socket");
+
+    if (daemonThread.joinable())
+        daemonThread.join();
+
+    // FIXME: should prune worker threads more quickly.
+    // FIXME: shutdown the client socket to speed up worker termination.
+    for (auto & thread : daemonWorkerThreads)
+        thread.join();
+    daemonWorkerThreads.clear();
+
+    daemonSocket = -1;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::addDependency(const StorePath & path)
+{
+    if (isAllowed(path)) return;
+
+    addedPaths.insert(path);
+
+    /* If we're doing a sandbox build, then we have to make the path
+       appear in the sandbox. */
+    if (useChroot) {
+
+        debug("materialising '%s' in the sandbox", worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+
+        #if __linux__
+
+            Path source = worker.store.Store::toRealPath(path);
+            Path target = chrootRootDir + worker.store.printStorePath(path);
+            debug("bind-mounting %s -> %s", target, source);
+
+            if (pathExists(target))
+                throw Error("store path '%s' already exists in the sandbox", worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+
+            auto st = lstat(source);
+
+            if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+
+                /* Bind-mount the path into the sandbox. This requires
+                   entering its mount namespace, which is not possible
+                   in multithreaded programs. So we do this in a
+                   child process.*/
+                Pid child(startProcess([&]() {
+
+                    if (setns(sandboxMountNamespace.get(), 0) == -1)
+                        throw SysError("entering sandbox mount namespace");
+
+                    createDirs(target);
+
+                    if (mount(source.c_str(), target.c_str(), "", MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
+                        throw SysError("bind mount from '%s' to '%s' failed", source, target);
+
+                    _exit(0);
+                }));
+
+                int status = child.wait();
+                if (status != 0)
+                    throw Error("could not add path '%s' to sandbox", worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+
+            } else
+                linkOrCopy(source, target);
+
+        #else
+            throw Error("don't know how to make path '%s' (produced by a recursive Nix call) appear in the sandbox",
+                worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+        #endif
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::chownToBuilder(const Path & path)
+{
+    if (!buildUser) return;
+    if (chown(path.c_str(), buildUser->getUID(), buildUser->getGID()) == -1)
+        throw SysError("cannot change ownership of '%1%'", path);
+}
+
+
+void setupSeccomp()
+{
+#if __linux__
+    if (!settings.filterSyscalls) return;
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+    scmp_filter_ctx ctx;
+
+    if (!(ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW)))
+        throw SysError("unable to initialize seccomp mode 2");
+
+    Finally cleanup([&]() {
+        seccomp_release(ctx);
+    });
+
+    if (nativeSystem == "x86_64-linux" &&
+        seccomp_arch_add(ctx, SCMP_ARCH_X86) != 0)
+        throw SysError("unable to add 32-bit seccomp architecture");
+
+    if (nativeSystem == "x86_64-linux" &&
+        seccomp_arch_add(ctx, SCMP_ARCH_X32) != 0)
+        throw SysError("unable to add X32 seccomp architecture");
+
+    if (nativeSystem == "aarch64-linux" &&
+        seccomp_arch_add(ctx, SCMP_ARCH_ARM) != 0)
+        printError("unable to add ARM seccomp architecture; this may result in spurious build failures if running 32-bit ARM processes");
+
+    /* Prevent builders from creating setuid/setgid binaries. */
+    for (int perm : { S_ISUID, S_ISGID }) {
+        if (seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), SCMP_SYS(chmod), 1,
+                SCMP_A1(SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ, (scmp_datum_t) perm, (scmp_datum_t) perm)) != 0)
+            throw SysError("unable to add seccomp rule");
+
+        if (seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), SCMP_SYS(fchmod), 1,
+                SCMP_A1(SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ, (scmp_datum_t) perm, (scmp_datum_t) perm)) != 0)
+            throw SysError("unable to add seccomp rule");
+
+        if (seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), SCMP_SYS(fchmodat), 1,
+                SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ, (scmp_datum_t) perm, (scmp_datum_t) perm)) != 0)
+            throw SysError("unable to add seccomp rule");
+    }
+
+    /* Prevent builders from creating EAs or ACLs. Not all filesystems
+       support these, and they're not allowed in the Nix store because
+       they're not representable in the NAR serialisation. */
+    if (seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(ENOTSUP), SCMP_SYS(setxattr), 0) != 0 ||
+        seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(ENOTSUP), SCMP_SYS(lsetxattr), 0) != 0 ||
+        seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(ENOTSUP), SCMP_SYS(fsetxattr), 0) != 0)
+        throw SysError("unable to add seccomp rule");
+
+    if (seccomp_attr_set(ctx, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, settings.allowNewPrivileges ? 0 : 1) != 0)
+        throw SysError("unable to set 'no new privileges' seccomp attribute");
+
+    if (seccomp_load(ctx) != 0)
+        throw SysError("unable to load seccomp BPF program");
+#else
+    throw Error(
+        "seccomp is not supported on this platform; "
+        "you can bypass this error by setting the option 'filter-syscalls' to false, but note that untrusted builds can then create setuid binaries!");
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::runChild()
+{
+    /* Warning: in the child we should absolutely not make any SQLite
+       calls! */
+
+    try { /* child */
+
+        commonChildInit(builderOut);
+
+        try {
+            setupSeccomp();
+        } catch (...) {
+            if (buildUser) throw;
+        }
+
+        bool setUser = true;
+
+        /* Make the contents of netrc available to builtin:fetchurl
+           (which may run under a different uid and/or in a sandbox). */
+        std::string netrcData;
+        try {
+            if (drv->isBuiltin() && drv->builder == "builtin:fetchurl")
+                netrcData = readFile(settings.netrcFile);
+        } catch (SysError &) { }
+
+#if __linux__
+        if (useChroot) {
+
+            userNamespaceSync.writeSide = -1;
+
+            if (drainFD(userNamespaceSync.readSide.get()) != "1")
+                throw Error("user namespace initialisation failed");
+
+            userNamespaceSync.readSide = -1;
+
+            if (privateNetwork) {
+
+                /* Initialise the loopback interface. */
+                AutoCloseFD fd(socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP));
+                if (!fd) throw SysError("cannot open IP socket");
+
+                struct ifreq ifr;
+                strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "lo");
+                ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_UP | IFF_LOOPBACK | IFF_RUNNING;
+                if (ioctl(fd.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
+                    throw SysError("cannot set loopback interface flags");
+            }
+
+            /* Set the hostname etc. to fixed values. */
+            char hostname[] = "localhost";
+            if (sethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set host name");
+            char domainname[] = "(none)"; // kernel default
+            if (setdomainname(domainname, sizeof(domainname)) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set domain name");
+
+            /* Make all filesystems private.  This is necessary
+               because subtrees may have been mounted as "shared"
+               (MS_SHARED).  (Systemd does this, for instance.)  Even
+               though we have a private mount namespace, mounting
+               filesystems on top of a shared subtree still propagates
+               outside of the namespace.  Making a subtree private is
+               local to the namespace, though, so setting MS_PRIVATE
+               does not affect the outside world. */
+            if (mount(0, "/", 0, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("unable to make '/' private");
+
+            /* Bind-mount chroot directory to itself, to treat it as a
+               different filesystem from /, as needed for pivot_root. */
+            if (mount(chrootRootDir.c_str(), chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0, MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("unable to bind mount '%1%'", chrootRootDir);
+
+            /* Bind-mount the sandbox's Nix store onto itself so that
+               we can mark it as a "shared" subtree, allowing bind
+               mounts made in *this* mount namespace to be propagated
+               into the child namespace created by the
+               unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) call below.
+
+               Marking chrootRootDir as MS_SHARED causes pivot_root()
+               to fail with EINVAL. Don't know why. */
+            Path chrootStoreDir = chrootRootDir + worker.store.storeDir;
+
+            if (mount(chrootStoreDir.c_str(), chrootStoreDir.c_str(), 0, MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("unable to bind mount the Nix store", chrootStoreDir);
+
+            if (mount(0, chrootStoreDir.c_str(), 0, MS_SHARED, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("unable to make '%s' shared", chrootStoreDir);
+
+            /* Set up a nearly empty /dev, unless the user asked to
+               bind-mount the host /dev. */
+            Strings ss;
+            if (dirsInChroot.find("/dev") == dirsInChroot.end()) {
+                createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/shm");
+                createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/full");
+                if (worker.store.systemFeatures.get().count("kvm") && pathExists("/dev/kvm"))
+                    ss.push_back("/dev/kvm");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/null");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/random");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/tty");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/urandom");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/zero");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd", chrootRootDir + "/dev/fd");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/0", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stdin");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/1", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stdout");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/2", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stderr");
+            }
+
+            /* Fixed-output derivations typically need to access the
+               network, so give them access to /etc/resolv.conf and so
+               on. */
+            if (derivationIsImpure(derivationType)) {
+                ss.push_back("/etc/resolv.conf");
+
+                // Only use nss functions to resolve hosts and
+                // services. Don’t use it for anything else that may
+                // be configured for this system. This limits the
+                // potential impurities introduced in fixed-outputs.
+                writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/nsswitch.conf", "hosts: files dns\nservices: files\n");
+
+                ss.push_back("/etc/services");
+                ss.push_back("/etc/hosts");
+                if (pathExists("/var/run/nscd/socket"))
+                    ss.push_back("/var/run/nscd/socket");
+            }
+
+            for (auto & i : ss) dirsInChroot.emplace(i, i);
+
+            /* Bind-mount all the directories from the "host"
+               filesystem that we want in the chroot
+               environment. */
+            auto doBind = [&](const Path & source, const Path & target, bool optional = false) {
+                debug("bind mounting '%1%' to '%2%'", source, target);
+                struct stat st;
+                if (stat(source.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
+                    if (optional && errno == ENOENT)
+                        return;
+                    else
+                        throw SysError("getting attributes of path '%1%'", source);
+                }
+                if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                    createDirs(target);
+                else {
+                    createDirs(dirOf(target));
+                    writeFile(target, "");
+                }
+                if (mount(source.c_str(), target.c_str(), "", MS_BIND | MS_REC, 0) == -1)
+                    throw SysError("bind mount from '%1%' to '%2%' failed", source, target);
+            };
+
+            for (auto & i : dirsInChroot) {
+                if (i.second.source == "/proc") continue; // backwards compatibility
+                doBind(i.second.source, chrootRootDir + i.first, i.second.optional);
+            }
+
+            /* Bind a new instance of procfs on /proc. */
+            createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/proc");
+            if (mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/proc").c_str(), "proc", 0, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("mounting /proc");
+
+            /* Mount a new tmpfs on /dev/shm to ensure that whatever
+               the builder puts in /dev/shm is cleaned up automatically. */
+            if (pathExists("/dev/shm") && mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/dev/shm").c_str(), "tmpfs", 0,
+                    fmt("size=%s", settings.sandboxShmSize).c_str()) == -1)
+                throw SysError("mounting /dev/shm");
+
+            /* Mount a new devpts on /dev/pts.  Note that this
+               requires the kernel to be compiled with
+               CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES=y (which is the case
+               if /dev/ptx/ptmx exists). */
+            if (pathExists("/dev/pts/ptmx") &&
+                !pathExists(chrootRootDir + "/dev/ptmx")
+                && !dirsInChroot.count("/dev/pts"))
+            {
+                if (mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts").c_str(), "devpts", 0, "newinstance,mode=0620") == 0)
+                {
+                    createSymlink("/dev/pts/ptmx", chrootRootDir + "/dev/ptmx");
+
+                    /* Make sure /dev/pts/ptmx is world-writable.  With some
+                       Linux versions, it is created with permissions 0.  */
+                    chmod_(chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts/ptmx", 0666);
+                } else {
+                    if (errno != EINVAL)
+                        throw SysError("mounting /dev/pts");
+                    doBind("/dev/pts", chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts");
+                    doBind("/dev/ptmx", chrootRootDir + "/dev/ptmx");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* Unshare this mount namespace. This is necessary because
+               pivot_root() below changes the root of the mount
+               namespace. This means that the call to setns() in
+               addDependency() would hide the host's filesystem,
+               making it impossible to bind-mount paths from the host
+               Nix store into the sandbox. Therefore, we save the
+               pre-pivot_root namespace in
+               sandboxMountNamespace. Since we made /nix/store a
+               shared subtree above, this allows addDependency() to
+               make paths appear in the sandbox. */
+            if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1)
+                throw SysError("unsharing mount namespace");
+
+            /* Do the chroot(). */
+            if (chdir(chrootRootDir.c_str()) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot change directory to '%1%'", chrootRootDir);
+
+            if (mkdir("real-root", 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot create real-root directory");
+
+            if (pivot_root(".", "real-root") == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot pivot old root directory onto '%1%'", (chrootRootDir + "/real-root"));
+
+            if (chroot(".") == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot change root directory to '%1%'", chrootRootDir);
+
+            if (umount2("real-root", MNT_DETACH) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot unmount real root filesystem");
+
+            if (rmdir("real-root") == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot remove real-root directory");
+
+            /* Switch to the sandbox uid/gid in the user namespace,
+               which corresponds to the build user or calling user in
+               the parent namespace. */
+            if (setgid(sandboxGid()) == -1)
+                throw SysError("setgid failed");
+            if (setuid(sandboxUid()) == -1)
+                throw SysError("setuid failed");
+
+            setUser = false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (chdir(tmpDirInSandbox.c_str()) == -1)
+            throw SysError("changing into '%1%'", tmpDir);
+
+        /* Close all other file descriptors. */
+        closeMostFDs({STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO});
+
+#if __linux__
+        /* Change the personality to 32-bit if we're doing an
+           i686-linux build on an x86_64-linux machine. */
+        struct utsname utsbuf;
+        uname(&utsbuf);
+        if (drv->platform == "i686-linux" &&
+            (settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-linux" ||
+             (!strcmp(utsbuf.sysname, "Linux") && !strcmp(utsbuf.machine, "x86_64")))) {
+            if (personality(PER_LINUX32) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set i686-linux personality");
+        }
+
+        /* Impersonate a Linux 2.6 machine to get some determinism in
+           builds that depend on the kernel version. */
+        if ((drv->platform == "i686-linux" || drv->platform == "x86_64-linux") && settings.impersonateLinux26) {
+            int cur = personality(0xffffffff);
+            if (cur != -1) personality(cur | 0x0020000 /* == UNAME26 */);
+        }
+
+        /* Disable address space randomization for improved
+           determinism. */
+        int cur = personality(0xffffffff);
+        if (cur != -1) personality(cur | ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE);
+#endif
+
+        /* Disable core dumps by default. */
+        struct rlimit limit = { 0, RLIM_INFINITY };
+        setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &limit);
+
+        // FIXME: set other limits to deterministic values?
+
+        /* Fill in the environment. */
+        Strings envStrs;
+        for (auto & i : env)
+            envStrs.push_back(rewriteStrings(i.first + "=" + i.second, inputRewrites));
+
+        /* If we are running in `build-users' mode, then switch to the
+           user we allocated above.  Make sure that we drop all root
+           privileges.  Note that above we have closed all file
+           descriptors except std*, so that's safe.  Also note that
+           setuid() when run as root sets the real, effective and
+           saved UIDs. */
+        if (setUser && buildUser) {
+            /* Preserve supplementary groups of the build user, to allow
+               admins to specify groups such as "kvm".  */
+            if (!buildUser->getSupplementaryGIDs().empty() &&
+                setgroups(buildUser->getSupplementaryGIDs().size(),
+                          buildUser->getSupplementaryGIDs().data()) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set supplementary groups of build user");
+
+            if (setgid(buildUser->getGID()) == -1 ||
+                getgid() != buildUser->getGID() ||
+                getegid() != buildUser->getGID())
+                throw SysError("setgid failed");
+
+            if (setuid(buildUser->getUID()) == -1 ||
+                getuid() != buildUser->getUID() ||
+                geteuid() != buildUser->getUID())
+                throw SysError("setuid failed");
+        }
+
+        /* Fill in the arguments. */
+        Strings args;
+
+        const char *builder = "invalid";
+
+        if (drv->isBuiltin()) {
+            ;
+        }
+#if __APPLE__
+        else {
+            /* This has to appear before import statements. */
+            std::string sandboxProfile = "(version 1)\n";
+
+            if (useChroot) {
+
+                /* Lots and lots and lots of file functions freak out if they can't stat their full ancestry */
+                PathSet ancestry;
+
+                /* We build the ancestry before adding all inputPaths to the store because we know they'll
+                   all have the same parents (the store), and there might be lots of inputs. This isn't
+                   particularly efficient... I doubt it'll be a bottleneck in practice */
+                for (auto & i : dirsInChroot) {
+                    Path cur = i.first;
+                    while (cur.compare("/") != 0) {
+                        cur = dirOf(cur);
+                        ancestry.insert(cur);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* And we want the store in there regardless of how empty dirsInChroot. We include the innermost
+                   path component this time, since it's typically /nix/store and we care about that. */
+                Path cur = worker.store.storeDir;
+                while (cur.compare("/") != 0) {
+                    ancestry.insert(cur);
+                    cur = dirOf(cur);
+                }
+
+                /* Add all our input paths to the chroot */
+                for (auto & i : inputPaths) {
+                    auto p = worker.store.printStorePath(i);
+                    dirsInChroot[p] = p;
+                }
+
+                /* Violations will go to the syslog if you set this. Unfortunately the destination does not appear to be configurable */
+                if (settings.darwinLogSandboxViolations) {
+                    sandboxProfile += "(deny default)\n";
+                } else {
+                    sandboxProfile += "(deny default (with no-log))\n";
+                }
+
+                sandboxProfile += "(import \"sandbox-defaults.sb\")\n";
+
+                if (derivationIsImpure(derivationType))
+                    sandboxProfile += "(import \"sandbox-network.sb\")\n";
+
+                /* Add the output paths we'll use at build-time to the chroot */
+                sandboxProfile += "(allow file-read* file-write* process-exec\n";
+                for (auto & [_, path] : scratchOutputs)
+                    sandboxProfile += fmt("\t(subpath \"%s\")\n", worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+
+                sandboxProfile += ")\n";
+
+                /* Our inputs (transitive dependencies and any impurities computed above)
+
+                   without file-write* allowed, access() incorrectly returns EPERM
+                 */
+                sandboxProfile += "(allow file-read* file-write* process-exec\n";
+                for (auto & i : dirsInChroot) {
+                    if (i.first != i.second.source)
+                        throw Error(
+                            "can't map '%1%' to '%2%': mismatched impure paths not supported on Darwin",
+                            i.first, i.second.source);
+
+                    string path = i.first;
+                    struct stat st;
+                    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st)) {
+                        if (i.second.optional && errno == ENOENT)
+                            continue;
+                        throw SysError("getting attributes of path '%s", path);
+                    }
+                    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                        sandboxProfile += fmt("\t(subpath \"%s\")\n", path);
+                    else
+                        sandboxProfile += fmt("\t(literal \"%s\")\n", path);
+                }
+                sandboxProfile += ")\n";
+
+                /* Allow file-read* on full directory hierarchy to self. Allows realpath() */
+                sandboxProfile += "(allow file-read*\n";
+                for (auto & i : ancestry) {
+                    sandboxProfile += fmt("\t(literal \"%s\")\n", i);
+                }
+                sandboxProfile += ")\n";
+
+                sandboxProfile += additionalSandboxProfile;
+            } else
+                sandboxProfile += "(import \"sandbox-minimal.sb\")\n";
+
+            debug("Generated sandbox profile:");
+            debug(sandboxProfile);
+
+            Path sandboxFile = tmpDir + "/.sandbox.sb";
+
+            writeFile(sandboxFile, sandboxProfile);
+
+            bool allowLocalNetworking = parsedDrv->getBoolAttr("__darwinAllowLocalNetworking");
+
+            /* The tmpDir in scope points at the temporary build directory for our derivation. Some packages try different mechanisms
+               to find temporary directories, so we want to open up a broader place for them to dump their files, if needed. */
+            Path globalTmpDir = canonPath(getEnv("TMPDIR").value_or("/tmp"), true);
+
+            /* They don't like trailing slashes on subpath directives */
+            if (globalTmpDir.back() == '/') globalTmpDir.pop_back();
+
+            if (getEnv("_NIX_TEST_NO_SANDBOX") != "1") {
+                builder = "/usr/bin/sandbox-exec";
+                args.push_back("sandbox-exec");
+                args.push_back("-f");
+                args.push_back(sandboxFile);
+                args.push_back("-D");
+                args.push_back("_GLOBAL_TMP_DIR=" + globalTmpDir);
+                args.push_back("-D");
+                args.push_back("IMPORT_DIR=" + settings.nixDataDir + "/nix/sandbox/");
+                if (allowLocalNetworking) {
+                    args.push_back("-D");
+                    args.push_back(string("_ALLOW_LOCAL_NETWORKING=1"));
+                }
+                args.push_back(drv->builder);
+            } else {
+                builder = drv->builder.c_str();
+                args.push_back(std::string(baseNameOf(drv->builder)));
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        else {
+            builder = drv->builder.c_str();
+            args.push_back(std::string(baseNameOf(drv->builder)));
+        }
+#endif
+
+        for (auto & i : drv->args)
+            args.push_back(rewriteStrings(i, inputRewrites));
+
+        /* Indicate that we managed to set up the build environment. */
+        writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, string("\2\n"));
+
+        /* Execute the program.  This should not return. */
+        if (drv->isBuiltin()) {
+            try {
+                logger = makeJSONLogger(*logger);
+
+                BasicDerivation & drv2(*drv);
+                for (auto & e : drv2.env)
+                    e.second = rewriteStrings(e.second, inputRewrites);
+
+                if (drv->builder == "builtin:fetchurl")
+                    builtinFetchurl(drv2, netrcData);
+                else if (drv->builder == "builtin:buildenv")
+                    builtinBuildenv(drv2);
+                else if (drv->builder == "builtin:unpack-channel")
+                    builtinUnpackChannel(drv2);
+                else
+                    throw Error("unsupported builtin function '%1%'", string(drv->builder, 8));
+                _exit(0);
+            } catch (std::exception & e) {
+                writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, e.what() + std::string("\n"));
+                _exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
+#if __APPLE__
+        posix_spawnattr_t attrp;
+
+        if (posix_spawnattr_init(&attrp))
+            throw SysError("failed to initialize builder");
+
+        if (posix_spawnattr_setflags(&attrp, POSIX_SPAWN_SETEXEC))
+            throw SysError("failed to initialize builder");
+
+        if (drv->platform == "aarch64-darwin") {
+            // Unset kern.curproc_arch_affinity so we can escape Rosetta
+            int affinity = 0;
+            sysctlbyname("kern.curproc_arch_affinity", NULL, NULL, &affinity, sizeof(affinity));
+
+            cpu_type_t cpu = CPU_TYPE_ARM64;
+            posix_spawnattr_setbinpref_np(&attrp, 1, &cpu, NULL);
+        } else if (drv->platform == "x86_64-darwin") {
+            cpu_type_t cpu = CPU_TYPE_X86_64;
+            posix_spawnattr_setbinpref_np(&attrp, 1, &cpu, NULL);
+        }
+
+        posix_spawn(NULL, builder, NULL, &attrp, stringsToCharPtrs(args).data(), stringsToCharPtrs(envStrs).data());
+#else
+        execve(builder, stringsToCharPtrs(args).data(), stringsToCharPtrs(envStrs).data());
+#endif
+
+        throw SysError("executing '%1%'", drv->builder);
+
+    } catch (Error & e) {
+        writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, "\1\n");
+        FdSink sink(STDERR_FILENO);
+        sink << e;
+        sink.flush();
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
+{
+    /* When using a build hook, the build hook can register the output
+       as valid (by doing `nix-store --import').  If so we don't have
+       to do anything here.
+
+       We can only early return when the outputs are known a priori. For
+       floating content-addressed derivations this isn't the case.
+     */
+    if (hook) {
+        bool allValid = true;
+        for (auto & [outputName, outputPath] : worker.store.queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(drvPath)) {
+            if (!outputPath || !worker.store.isValidPath(*outputPath))
+                allValid = false;
+            else
+                finalOutputs.insert_or_assign(outputName, *outputPath);
+        }
+        if (allValid) return;
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string, ValidPathInfo> infos;
+
+    /* Set of inodes seen during calls to canonicalisePathMetaData()
+       for this build's outputs.  This needs to be shared between
+       outputs to allow hard links between outputs. */
+    InodesSeen inodesSeen;
+
+    Path checkSuffix = ".check";
+    bool keepPreviousRound = settings.keepFailed || settings.runDiffHook;
+
+    std::exception_ptr delayedException;
+
+    /* The paths that can be referenced are the input closures, the
+       output paths, and any paths that have been built via recursive
+       Nix calls. */
+    StorePathSet referenceablePaths;
+    for (auto & p : inputPaths) referenceablePaths.insert(p);
+    for (auto & i : scratchOutputs) referenceablePaths.insert(i.second);
+    for (auto & p : addedPaths) referenceablePaths.insert(p);
+
+    /* FIXME `needsHashRewrite` should probably be removed and we get to the
+       real reason why we aren't using the chroot dir */
+    auto toRealPathChroot = [&](const Path & p) -> Path {
+        return useChroot && !needsHashRewrite()
+            ? chrootRootDir + p
+            : worker.store.toRealPath(p);
+    };
+
+    /* Check whether the output paths were created, and make all
+       output paths read-only.  Then get the references of each output (that we
+       might need to register), so we can topologically sort them. For the ones
+       that are most definitely already installed, we just store their final
+       name so we can also use it in rewrites. */
+    StringSet outputsToSort;
+    struct AlreadyRegistered { StorePath path; };
+    struct PerhapsNeedToRegister { StorePathSet refs; };
+    std::map<std::string, std::variant<AlreadyRegistered, PerhapsNeedToRegister>> outputReferencesIfUnregistered;
+    std::map<std::string, struct stat> outputStats;
+    for (auto & [outputName, _] : drv->outputs) {
+        auto actualPath = toRealPathChroot(worker.store.printStorePath(scratchOutputs.at(outputName)));
+
+        outputsToSort.insert(outputName);
+
+        /* Updated wanted info to remove the outputs we definitely don't need to register */
+        auto & initialInfo = initialOutputs.at(outputName);
+
+        /* Don't register if already valid, and not checking */
+        initialInfo.wanted = buildMode == bmCheck
+            || !(initialInfo.known && initialInfo.known->isValid());
+        if (!initialInfo.wanted) {
+            outputReferencesIfUnregistered.insert_or_assign(
+                outputName,
+                AlreadyRegistered { .path = initialInfo.known->path });
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        struct stat st;
+        if (lstat(actualPath.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
+            if (errno == ENOENT)
+                throw BuildError(
+                    "builder for '%s' failed to produce output path for output '%s' at '%s'",
+                    worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), outputName, actualPath);
+            throw SysError("getting attributes of path '%s'", actualPath);
+        }
+
+#ifndef __CYGWIN__
+        /* Check that the output is not group or world writable, as
+           that means that someone else can have interfered with the
+           build.  Also, the output should be owned by the build
+           user. */
+        if ((!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH))) ||
+            (buildUser && st.st_uid != buildUser->getUID()))
+            throw BuildError(
+                    "suspicious ownership or permission on '%s' for output '%s'; rejecting this build output",
+                    actualPath, outputName);
+#endif
+
+        /* Canonicalise first.  This ensures that the path we're
+           rewriting doesn't contain a hard link to /etc/shadow or
+           something like that. */
+        canonicalisePathMetaData(actualPath, buildUser ? buildUser->getUID() : -1, inodesSeen);
+
+        debug("scanning for references for output '%s' in temp location '%s'", outputName, actualPath);
+
+        /* Pass blank Sink as we are not ready to hash data at this stage. */
+        NullSink blank;
+        auto references = worker.store.parseStorePathSet(
+            scanForReferences(blank, actualPath, worker.store.printStorePathSet(referenceablePaths)));
+
+        outputReferencesIfUnregistered.insert_or_assign(
+            outputName,
+            PerhapsNeedToRegister { .refs = references });
+        outputStats.insert_or_assign(outputName, std::move(st));
+    }
+
+    auto sortedOutputNames = topoSort(outputsToSort,
+        {[&](const std::string & name) {
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                /* Since we'll use the already installed versions of these, we
+                   can treat them as leaves and ignore any references they
+                   have. */
+                [&](AlreadyRegistered _) { return StringSet {}; },
+                [&](PerhapsNeedToRegister refs) {
+                    StringSet referencedOutputs;
+                    /* FIXME build inverted map up front so no quadratic waste here */
+                    for (auto & r : refs.refs)
+                        for (auto & [o, p] : scratchOutputs)
+                            if (r == p)
+                                referencedOutputs.insert(o);
+                    return referencedOutputs;
+                },
+            }, outputReferencesIfUnregistered.at(name));
+        }},
+        {[&](const std::string & path, const std::string & parent) {
+            // TODO with more -vvvv also show the temporary paths for manual inspection.
+            return BuildError(
+                "cycle detected in build of '%s' in the references of output '%s' from output '%s'",
+                worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), path, parent);
+        }});
+
+    std::reverse(sortedOutputNames.begin(), sortedOutputNames.end());
+
+    for (auto & outputName : sortedOutputNames) {
+        auto output = drv->outputs.at(outputName);
+        auto & scratchPath = scratchOutputs.at(outputName);
+        auto actualPath = toRealPathChroot(worker.store.printStorePath(scratchPath));
+
+        auto finish = [&](StorePath finalStorePath) {
+            /* Store the final path */
+            finalOutputs.insert_or_assign(outputName, finalStorePath);
+            /* The rewrite rule will be used in downstream outputs that refer to
+               use. This is why the topological sort is essential to do first
+               before this for loop. */
+            if (scratchPath != finalStorePath)
+                outputRewrites[std::string { scratchPath.hashPart() }] = std::string { finalStorePath.hashPart() };
+        };
+
+        std::optional<StorePathSet> referencesOpt = std::visit(overloaded {
+            [&](AlreadyRegistered skippedFinalPath) -> std::optional<StorePathSet> {
+                finish(skippedFinalPath.path);
+                return std::nullopt;
+            },
+            [&](PerhapsNeedToRegister r) -> std::optional<StorePathSet> {
+                return r.refs;
+            },
+        }, outputReferencesIfUnregistered.at(outputName));
+
+        if (!referencesOpt)
+            continue;
+        auto references = *referencesOpt;
+
+        auto rewriteOutput = [&]() {
+            /* Apply hash rewriting if necessary. */
+            if (!outputRewrites.empty()) {
+                warn("rewriting hashes in '%1%'; cross fingers", actualPath);
+
+                /* FIXME: this is in-memory. */
+                StringSink sink;
+                dumpPath(actualPath, sink);
+                deletePath(actualPath);
+                sink.s = make_ref<std::string>(rewriteStrings(*sink.s, outputRewrites));
+                StringSource source(*sink.s);
+                restorePath(actualPath, source);
+
+                /* FIXME: set proper permissions in restorePath() so
+                   we don't have to do another traversal. */
+                canonicalisePathMetaData(actualPath, -1, inodesSeen);
+            }
+        };
+
+        auto rewriteRefs = [&]() -> std::pair<bool, StorePathSet> {
+            /* In the CA case, we need the rewritten refs to calculate the
+               final path, therefore we look for a *non-rewritten
+               self-reference, and use a bool rather try to solve the
+               computationally intractable fixed point. */
+            std::pair<bool, StorePathSet> res {
+                false,
+                {},
+            };
+            for (auto & r : references) {
+                auto name = r.name();
+                auto origHash = std::string { r.hashPart() };
+                if (r == scratchPath)
+                    res.first = true;
+                else if (outputRewrites.count(origHash) == 0)
+                    res.second.insert(r);
+                else {
+                    std::string newRef = outputRewrites.at(origHash);
+                    newRef += '-';
+                    newRef += name;
+                    res.second.insert(StorePath { newRef });
+                }
+            }
+            return res;
+        };
+
+        auto newInfoFromCA = [&](const DerivationOutputCAFloating outputHash) -> ValidPathInfo {
+            auto & st = outputStats.at(outputName);
+            if (outputHash.method == FileIngestionMethod::Flat) {
+                /* The output path should be a regular file without execute permission. */
+                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) != 0)
+                    throw BuildError(
+                        "output path '%1%' should be a non-executable regular file "
+                        "since recursive hashing is not enabled (outputHashMode=flat)",
+                        actualPath);
+            }
+            rewriteOutput();
+            /* FIXME optimize and deduplicate with addToStore */
+            std::string oldHashPart { scratchPath.hashPart() };
+            HashModuloSink caSink { outputHash.hashType, oldHashPart };
+            switch (outputHash.method) {
+            case FileIngestionMethod::Recursive:
+                dumpPath(actualPath, caSink);
+                break;
+            case FileIngestionMethod::Flat:
+                readFile(actualPath, caSink);
+                break;
+            }
+            auto got = caSink.finish().first;
+            auto refs = rewriteRefs();
+            HashModuloSink narSink { htSHA256, oldHashPart };
+            dumpPath(actualPath, narSink);
+            auto narHashAndSize = narSink.finish();
+            ValidPathInfo newInfo0 {
+                worker.store.makeFixedOutputPath(
+                    outputHash.method,
+                    got,
+                    outputPathName(drv->name, outputName),
+                    refs.second,
+                    refs.first),
+                narHashAndSize.first,
+            };
+            newInfo0.narSize = narHashAndSize.second;
+            newInfo0.ca = FixedOutputHash {
+                .method = outputHash.method,
+                .hash = got,
+            };
+            newInfo0.references = refs.second;
+            if (refs.first)
+                newInfo0.references.insert(newInfo0.path);
+            if (scratchPath != newInfo0.path) {
+                // Also rewrite the output path
+                auto source = sinkToSource([&](Sink & nextSink) {
+                    StringSink sink;
+                    dumpPath(actualPath, sink);
+                    RewritingSink rsink2(oldHashPart, std::string(newInfo0.path.hashPart()), nextSink);
+                    rsink2(*sink.s);
+                    rsink2.flush();
+                });
+                Path tmpPath = actualPath + ".tmp";
+                restorePath(tmpPath, *source);
+                deletePath(actualPath);
+                movePath(tmpPath, actualPath);
+            }
+
+            assert(newInfo0.ca);
+            return newInfo0;
+        };
+
+        ValidPathInfo newInfo = std::visit(overloaded {
+            [&](DerivationOutputInputAddressed output) {
+                /* input-addressed case */
+                auto requiredFinalPath = output.path;
+                /* Preemptively add rewrite rule for final hash, as that is
+                   what the NAR hash will use rather than normalized-self references */
+                if (scratchPath != requiredFinalPath)
+                    outputRewrites.insert_or_assign(
+                        std::string { scratchPath.hashPart() },
+                        std::string { requiredFinalPath.hashPart() });
+                rewriteOutput();
+                auto narHashAndSize = hashPath(htSHA256, actualPath);
+                ValidPathInfo newInfo0 { requiredFinalPath, narHashAndSize.first };
+                newInfo0.narSize = narHashAndSize.second;
+                auto refs = rewriteRefs();
+                newInfo0.references = refs.second;
+                if (refs.first)
+                    newInfo0.references.insert(newInfo0.path);
+                return newInfo0;
+            },
+            [&](DerivationOutputCAFixed dof) {
+                auto newInfo0 = newInfoFromCA(DerivationOutputCAFloating {
+                    .method = dof.hash.method,
+                    .hashType = dof.hash.hash.type,
+                });
+
+                /* Check wanted hash */
+                Hash & wanted = dof.hash.hash;
+                assert(newInfo0.ca);
+                auto got = getContentAddressHash(*newInfo0.ca);
+                if (wanted != got) {
+                    /* Throw an error after registering the path as
+                       valid. */
+                    worker.hashMismatch = true;
+                    delayedException = std::make_exception_ptr(
+                        BuildError("hash mismatch in fixed-output derivation '%s':\n  specified: %s\n     got:    %s",
+                            worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath),
+                            wanted.to_string(SRI, true),
+                            got.to_string(SRI, true)));
+                }
+                return newInfo0;
+            },
+            [&](DerivationOutputCAFloating dof) {
+                return newInfoFromCA(dof);
+            },
+                [&](DerivationOutputDeferred) {
+                // No derivation should reach that point without having been
+                // rewritten first
+                assert(false);
+                // Ugly, but the compiler insists on having this return a value
+                // of type `ValidPathInfo` despite the `assert(false)`, so
+                // let's provide it
+                return *(ValidPathInfo*)0;
+            },
+        }, output.output);
+
+        /* Calculate where we'll move the output files. In the checking case we
+           will leave leave them where they are, for now, rather than move to
+           their usual "final destination" */
+        auto finalDestPath = worker.store.printStorePath(newInfo.path);
+
+        /* Lock final output path, if not already locked. This happens with
+           floating CA derivations and hash-mismatching fixed-output
+           derivations. */
+        PathLocks dynamicOutputLock;
+        auto optFixedPath = output.path(worker.store, drv->name, outputName);
+        if (!optFixedPath ||
+            worker.store.printStorePath(*optFixedPath) != finalDestPath)
+        {
+            assert(newInfo.ca);
+            dynamicOutputLock.lockPaths({worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath)});
+        }
+
+        /* Move files, if needed */
+        if (worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath) != actualPath) {
+            if (buildMode == bmRepair) {
+                /* Path already exists, need to replace it */
+                replaceValidPath(worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath), actualPath);
+                actualPath = worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath);
+            } else if (buildMode == bmCheck) {
+                /* Path already exists, and we want to compare, so we leave out
+                   new path in place. */
+            } else if (worker.store.isValidPath(newInfo.path)) {
+                /* Path already exists because CA path produced by something
+                   else. No moving needed. */
+                assert(newInfo.ca);
+            } else {
+                auto destPath = worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath);
+                movePath(actualPath, destPath);
+                actualPath = destPath;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto localStoreP = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store);
+        if (!localStoreP)
+            throw Unsupported("can only register outputs with local store, but this is %s", worker.store.getUri());
+        auto & localStore = *localStoreP;
+
+        if (buildMode == bmCheck) {
+
+            if (!worker.store.isValidPath(newInfo.path)) continue;
+            ValidPathInfo oldInfo(*worker.store.queryPathInfo(newInfo.path));
+            if (newInfo.narHash != oldInfo.narHash) {
+                worker.checkMismatch = true;
+                if (settings.runDiffHook || settings.keepFailed) {
+                    auto dst = worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath + checkSuffix);
+                    deletePath(dst);
+                    movePath(actualPath, dst);
+
+                    handleDiffHook(
+                        buildUser ? buildUser->getUID() : getuid(),
+                        buildUser ? buildUser->getGID() : getgid(),
+                        finalDestPath, dst, worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), tmpDir);
+
+                    throw NotDeterministic("derivation '%s' may not be deterministic: output '%s' differs from '%s'",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath), dst);
+                } else
+                    throw NotDeterministic("derivation '%s' may not be deterministic: output '%s' differs",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), worker.store.toRealPath(finalDestPath));
+            }
+
+            /* Since we verified the build, it's now ultimately trusted. */
+            if (!oldInfo.ultimate) {
+                oldInfo.ultimate = true;
+                localStore.signPathInfo(oldInfo);
+                localStore.registerValidPaths({{oldInfo.path, oldInfo}});
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* For debugging, print out the referenced and unreferenced paths. */
+        for (auto & i : inputPaths) {
+            auto j = references.find(i);
+            if (j == references.end())
+                debug("unreferenced input: '%1%'", worker.store.printStorePath(i));
+            else
+                debug("referenced input: '%1%'", worker.store.printStorePath(i));
+        }
+
+        if (curRound == nrRounds) {
+            localStore.optimisePath(actualPath); // FIXME: combine with scanForReferences()
+            worker.markContentsGood(newInfo.path);
+        }
+
+        newInfo.deriver = drvPath;
+        newInfo.ultimate = true;
+        localStore.signPathInfo(newInfo);
+
+        finish(newInfo.path);
+
+        /* If it's a CA path, register it right away. This is necessary if it
+           isn't statically known so that we can safely unlock the path before
+           the next iteration */
+        if (newInfo.ca)
+            localStore.registerValidPaths({{newInfo.path, newInfo}});
+
+        infos.emplace(outputName, std::move(newInfo));
+    }
+
+    if (buildMode == bmCheck) return;
+
+    /* Apply output checks. */
+    checkOutputs(infos);
+
+    /* Compare the result with the previous round, and report which
+       path is different, if any.*/
+    if (curRound > 1 && prevInfos != infos) {
+        assert(prevInfos.size() == infos.size());
+        for (auto i = prevInfos.begin(), j = infos.begin(); i != prevInfos.end(); ++i, ++j)
+            if (!(*i == *j)) {
+                result.isNonDeterministic = true;
+                Path prev = worker.store.printStorePath(i->second.path) + checkSuffix;
+                bool prevExists = keepPreviousRound && pathExists(prev);
+                hintformat hint = prevExists
+                    ? hintfmt("output '%s' of '%s' differs from '%s' from previous round",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(i->second.path), worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), prev)
+                    : hintfmt("output '%s' of '%s' differs from previous round",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(i->second.path), worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+
+                handleDiffHook(
+                    buildUser ? buildUser->getUID() : getuid(),
+                    buildUser ? buildUser->getGID() : getgid(),
+                    prev, worker.store.printStorePath(i->second.path),
+                    worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath), tmpDir);
+
+                if (settings.enforceDeterminism)
+                    throw NotDeterministic(hint);
+
+                printError(hint);
+
+                curRound = nrRounds; // we know enough, bail out early
+            }
+    }
+
+    /* If this is the first round of several, then move the output out of the way. */
+    if (nrRounds > 1 && curRound == 1 && curRound < nrRounds && keepPreviousRound) {
+        for (auto & [_, outputStorePath] : finalOutputs) {
+            auto path = worker.store.printStorePath(outputStorePath);
+            Path prev = path + checkSuffix;
+            deletePath(prev);
+            Path dst = path + checkSuffix;
+            if (rename(path.c_str(), dst.c_str()))
+                throw SysError("renaming '%s' to '%s'", path, dst);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (curRound < nrRounds) {
+        prevInfos = std::move(infos);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Remove the .check directories if we're done. FIXME: keep them
+       if the result was not determistic? */
+    if (curRound == nrRounds) {
+        for (auto & [_, outputStorePath] : finalOutputs) {
+            Path prev = worker.store.printStorePath(outputStorePath) + checkSuffix;
+            deletePath(prev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Register each output path as valid, and register the sets of
+       paths referenced by each of them.  If there are cycles in the
+       outputs, this will fail. */
+    {
+        auto localStoreP = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store);
+        if (!localStoreP)
+            throw Unsupported("can only register outputs with local store, but this is %s", worker.store.getUri());
+        auto & localStore = *localStoreP;
+
+        ValidPathInfos infos2;
+        for (auto & [outputName, newInfo] : infos) {
+            infos2.insert_or_assign(newInfo.path, newInfo);
+        }
+        localStore.registerValidPaths(infos2);
+    }
+
+    /* In case of a fixed-output derivation hash mismatch, throw an
+       exception now that we have registered the output as valid. */
+    if (delayedException)
+        std::rethrow_exception(delayedException);
+
+    /* If we made it this far, we are sure the output matches the derivation
+       (since the delayedException would be a fixed output CA mismatch). That
+       means it's safe to link the derivation to the output hash. We must do
+       that for floating CA derivations, which otherwise couldn't be cached,
+       but it's fine to do in all cases. */
+
+    if (settings.isExperimentalFeatureEnabled("ca-derivations")) {
+        for (auto& [outputName, newInfo] : infos)
+            worker.store.registerDrvOutput(Realisation{
+                .id = DrvOutput{initialOutputs.at(outputName).outputHash, outputName},
+                .outPath = newInfo.path});
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::checkOutputs(const std::map<Path, ValidPathInfo> & outputs)
+{
+    std::map<Path, const ValidPathInfo &> outputsByPath;
+    for (auto & output : outputs)
+        outputsByPath.emplace(worker.store.printStorePath(output.second.path), output.second);
+
+    for (auto & output : outputs) {
+        auto & outputName = output.first;
+        auto & info = output.second;
+
+        struct Checks
+        {
+            bool ignoreSelfRefs = false;
+            std::optional<uint64_t> maxSize, maxClosureSize;
+            std::optional<Strings> allowedReferences, allowedRequisites, disallowedReferences, disallowedRequisites;
+        };
+
+        /* Compute the closure and closure size of some output. This
+           is slightly tricky because some of its references (namely
+           other outputs) may not be valid yet. */
+        auto getClosure = [&](const StorePath & path)
+        {
+            uint64_t closureSize = 0;
+            StorePathSet pathsDone;
+            std::queue<StorePath> pathsLeft;
+            pathsLeft.push(path);
+
+            while (!pathsLeft.empty()) {
+                auto path = pathsLeft.front();
+                pathsLeft.pop();
+                if (!pathsDone.insert(path).second) continue;
+
+                auto i = outputsByPath.find(worker.store.printStorePath(path));
+                if (i != outputsByPath.end()) {
+                    closureSize += i->second.narSize;
+                    for (auto & ref : i->second.references)
+                        pathsLeft.push(ref);
+                } else {
+                    auto info = worker.store.queryPathInfo(path);
+                    closureSize += info->narSize;
+                    for (auto & ref : info->references)
+                        pathsLeft.push(ref);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return std::make_pair(std::move(pathsDone), closureSize);
+        };
+
+        auto applyChecks = [&](const Checks & checks)
+        {
+            if (checks.maxSize && info.narSize > *checks.maxSize)
+                throw BuildError("path '%s' is too large at %d bytes; limit is %d bytes",
+                    worker.store.printStorePath(info.path), info.narSize, *checks.maxSize);
+
+            if (checks.maxClosureSize) {
+                uint64_t closureSize = getClosure(info.path).second;
+                if (closureSize > *checks.maxClosureSize)
+                    throw BuildError("closure of path '%s' is too large at %d bytes; limit is %d bytes",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(info.path), closureSize, *checks.maxClosureSize);
+            }
+
+            auto checkRefs = [&](const std::optional<Strings> & value, bool allowed, bool recursive)
+            {
+                if (!value) return;
+
+                /* Parse a list of reference specifiers.  Each element must
+                   either be a store path, or the symbolic name of the output
+                   of the derivation (such as `out'). */
+                StorePathSet spec;
+                for (auto & i : *value) {
+                    if (worker.store.isStorePath(i))
+                        spec.insert(worker.store.parseStorePath(i));
+                    else if (finalOutputs.count(i))
+                        spec.insert(finalOutputs.at(i));
+                    else throw BuildError("derivation contains an illegal reference specifier '%s'", i);
+                }
+
+                auto used = recursive
+                    ? getClosure(info.path).first
+                    : info.references;
+
+                if (recursive && checks.ignoreSelfRefs)
+                    used.erase(info.path);
+
+                StorePathSet badPaths;
+
+                for (auto & i : used)
+                    if (allowed) {
+                        if (!spec.count(i))
+                            badPaths.insert(i);
+                    } else {
+                        if (spec.count(i))
+                            badPaths.insert(i);
+                    }
+
+                if (!badPaths.empty()) {
+                    string badPathsStr;
+                    for (auto & i : badPaths) {
+                        badPathsStr += "\n  ";
+                        badPathsStr += worker.store.printStorePath(i);
+                    }
+                    throw BuildError("output '%s' is not allowed to refer to the following paths:%s",
+                        worker.store.printStorePath(info.path), badPathsStr);
+                }
+            };
+
+            checkRefs(checks.allowedReferences, true, false);
+            checkRefs(checks.allowedRequisites, true, true);
+            checkRefs(checks.disallowedReferences, false, false);
+            checkRefs(checks.disallowedRequisites, false, true);
+        };
+
+        if (auto structuredAttrs = parsedDrv->getStructuredAttrs()) {
+            auto outputChecks = structuredAttrs->find("outputChecks");
+            if (outputChecks != structuredAttrs->end()) {
+                auto output = outputChecks->find(outputName);
+
+                if (output != outputChecks->end()) {
+                    Checks checks;
+
+                    auto maxSize = output->find("maxSize");
+                    if (maxSize != output->end())
+                        checks.maxSize = maxSize->get<uint64_t>();
+
+                    auto maxClosureSize = output->find("maxClosureSize");
+                    if (maxClosureSize != output->end())
+                        checks.maxClosureSize = maxClosureSize->get<uint64_t>();
+
+                    auto get = [&](const std::string & name) -> std::optional<Strings> {
+                        auto i = output->find(name);
+                        if (i != output->end()) {
+                            Strings res;
+                            for (auto j = i->begin(); j != i->end(); ++j) {
+                                if (!j->is_string())
+                                    throw Error("attribute '%s' of derivation '%s' must be a list of strings", name, worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath));
+                                res.push_back(j->get<std::string>());
+                            }
+                            checks.disallowedRequisites = res;
+                            return res;
+                        }
+                        return {};
+                    };
+
+                    checks.allowedReferences = get("allowedReferences");
+                    checks.allowedRequisites = get("allowedRequisites");
+                    checks.disallowedReferences = get("disallowedReferences");
+                    checks.disallowedRequisites = get("disallowedRequisites");
+
+                    applyChecks(checks);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // legacy non-structured-attributes case
+            Checks checks;
+            checks.ignoreSelfRefs = true;
+            checks.allowedReferences = parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("allowedReferences");
+            checks.allowedRequisites = parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("allowedRequisites");
+            checks.disallowedReferences = parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("disallowedReferences");
+            checks.disallowedRequisites = parsedDrv->getStringsAttr("disallowedRequisites");
+            applyChecks(checks);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+Path DerivationGoal::openLogFile()
+{
+    logSize = 0;
+
+    if (!settings.keepLog) return "";
+
+    auto baseName = std::string(baseNameOf(worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath)));
+
+    /* Create a log file. */
+    Path logDir;
+    if (auto localStore = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(&worker.store))
+        logDir = localStore->logDir;
+    else
+        logDir = settings.nixLogDir;
+    Path dir = fmt("%s/%s/%s/", logDir, LocalFSStore::drvsLogDir, string(baseName, 0, 2));
+    createDirs(dir);
+
+    Path logFileName = fmt("%s/%s%s", dir, string(baseName, 2),
+        settings.compressLog ? ".bz2" : "");
+
+    fdLogFile = open(logFileName.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0666);
+    if (!fdLogFile) throw SysError("creating log file '%1%'", logFileName);
+
+    logFileSink = std::make_shared<FdSink>(fdLogFile.get());
+
+    if (settings.compressLog)
+        logSink = std::shared_ptr<CompressionSink>(makeCompressionSink("bzip2", *logFileSink));
+    else
+        logSink = logFileSink;
+
+    return logFileName;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::closeLogFile()
+{
+    auto logSink2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CompressionSink>(logSink);
+    if (logSink2) logSink2->finish();
+    if (logFileSink) logFileSink->flush();
+    logSink = logFileSink = 0;
+    fdLogFile = -1;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::deleteTmpDir(bool force)
+{
+    if (tmpDir != "") {
+        /* Don't keep temporary directories for builtins because they
+           might have privileged stuff (like a copy of netrc). */
+        if (settings.keepFailed && !force && !drv->isBuiltin()) {
+            printError("note: keeping build directory '%s'", tmpDir);
+            chmod(tmpDir.c_str(), 0755);
+        }
+        else
+            deletePath(tmpDir);
+        tmpDir = "";
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data)
+{
+    if ((hook && fd == hook->builderOut.readSide.get()) ||
+        (!hook && fd == builderOut.readSide.get()))
+    {
+        logSize += data.size();
+        if (settings.maxLogSize && logSize > settings.maxLogSize) {
+            killChild();
+            done(
+                BuildResult::LogLimitExceeded,
+                Error("%s killed after writing more than %d bytes of log output",
+                    getName(), settings.maxLogSize));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (auto c : data)
+            if (c == '\r')
+                currentLogLinePos = 0;
+            else if (c == '\n')
+                flushLine();
+            else {
+                if (currentLogLinePos >= currentLogLine.size())
+                    currentLogLine.resize(currentLogLinePos + 1);
+                currentLogLine[currentLogLinePos++] = c;
+            }
+
+        if (logSink) (*logSink)(data);
+    }
+
+    if (hook && fd == hook->fromHook.readSide.get()) {
+        for (auto c : data)
+            if (c == '\n') {
+                handleJSONLogMessage(currentHookLine, worker.act, hook->activities, true);
+                currentHookLine.clear();
+            } else
+                currentHookLine += c;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::handleEOF(int fd)
+{
+    if (!currentLogLine.empty()) flushLine();
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::flushLine()
+{
+    if (handleJSONLogMessage(currentLogLine, *act, builderActivities, false))
+        ;
+
+    else {
+        logTail.push_back(currentLogLine);
+        if (logTail.size() > settings.logLines) logTail.pop_front();
+
+        act->result(resBuildLogLine, currentLogLine);
+    }
+
+    currentLogLine = "";
+    currentLogLinePos = 0;
+}
+
+
+std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> DerivationGoal::queryPartialDerivationOutputMap()
+{
+    if (!useDerivation || drv->type() != DerivationType::CAFloating) {
+        std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> res;
+        for (auto & [name, output] : drv->outputs)
+            res.insert_or_assign(name, output.path(worker.store, drv->name, name));
+        return res;
+    } else {
+        return worker.store.queryPartialDerivationOutputMap(drvPath);
+    }
+}
+
+OutputPathMap DerivationGoal::queryDerivationOutputMap()
+{
+    if (!useDerivation || drv->type() != DerivationType::CAFloating) {
+        OutputPathMap res;
+        for (auto & [name, output] : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+            res.insert_or_assign(name, *output.second);
+        return res;
+    } else {
+        return worker.store.queryDerivationOutputMap(drvPath);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::checkPathValidity()
+{
+    bool checkHash = buildMode == bmRepair;
+    for (auto & i : queryPartialDerivationOutputMap()) {
+        InitialOutput & info = initialOutputs.at(i.first);
+        info.wanted = wantOutput(i.first, wantedOutputs);
+        if (i.second) {
+            auto outputPath = *i.second;
+            info.known = {
+                .path = outputPath,
+                .status = !worker.store.isValidPath(outputPath)
+                    ? PathStatus::Absent
+                    : !checkHash || worker.pathContentsGood(outputPath)
+                    ? PathStatus::Valid
+                    : PathStatus::Corrupt,
+            };
+        }
+        if (settings.isExperimentalFeatureEnabled("ca-derivations")) {
+            if (auto real = worker.store.queryRealisation(
+                    DrvOutput{initialOutputs.at(i.first).outputHash, i.first})) {
+                info.known = {
+                    .path = real->outPath,
+                    .status = PathStatus::Valid,
+                };
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+StorePath DerivationGoal::makeFallbackPath(std::string_view outputName)
+{
+    return worker.store.makeStorePath(
+        "rewrite:" + std::string(drvPath.to_string()) + ":name:" + std::string(outputName),
+        Hash(htSHA256), outputPathName(drv->name, outputName));
+}
+
+
+StorePath DerivationGoal::makeFallbackPath(const StorePath & path)
+{
+    return worker.store.makeStorePath(
+        "rewrite:" + std::string(drvPath.to_string()) + ":" + std::string(path.to_string()),
+        Hash(htSHA256), path.name());
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::done(BuildResult::Status status, std::optional<Error> ex)
+{
+    result.status = status;
+    if (ex)
+        result.errorMsg = ex->what();
+    amDone(result.success() ? ecSuccess : ecFailed, ex);
+    if (result.status == BuildResult::TimedOut)
+        worker.timedOut = true;
+    if (result.status == BuildResult::PermanentFailure)
+        worker.permanentFailure = true;
+
+    mcExpectedBuilds.reset();
+    mcRunningBuilds.reset();
+
+    if (result.success()) {
+        if (status == BuildResult::Built)
+            worker.doneBuilds++;
+    } else {
+        if (status != BuildResult::DependencyFailed)
+            worker.failedBuilds++;
+    }
+
+    worker.updateProgress();
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.hh b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.hh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dc164922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "parsed-derivations.hh"
+#include "lock.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "goal.hh"
+
+namespace nix {
+
+using std::map;
+
+struct HookInstance;
+
+typedef enum {rpAccept, rpDecline, rpPostpone} HookReply;
+
+/* Unless we are repairing, we don't both to test validity and just assume it,
+   so the choices are `Absent` or `Valid`. */
+enum struct PathStatus {
+    Corrupt,
+    Absent,
+    Valid,
+};
+
+struct InitialOutputStatus {
+    StorePath path;
+    PathStatus status;
+    /* Valid in the store, and additionally non-corrupt if we are repairing */
+    bool isValid() const {
+        return status == PathStatus::Valid;
+    }
+    /* Merely present, allowed to be corrupt */
+    bool isPresent() const {
+        return status == PathStatus::Corrupt
+            || status == PathStatus::Valid;
+    }
+};
+
+struct InitialOutput {
+    bool wanted;
+    Hash outputHash;
+    std::optional<InitialOutputStatus> known;
+};
+
+struct DerivationGoal : public Goal
+{
+    /* Whether to use an on-disk .drv file. */
+    bool useDerivation;
+
+    /* The path of the derivation. */
+    StorePath drvPath;
+
+    /* The path of the corresponding resolved derivation */
+    std::optional<BasicDerivation> resolvedDrv;
+
+    /* The specific outputs that we need to build.  Empty means all of
+       them. */
+    StringSet wantedOutputs;
+
+    /* Whether additional wanted outputs have been added. */
+    bool needRestart = false;
+
+    /* Whether to retry substituting the outputs after building the
+       inputs. */
+    bool retrySubstitution;
+
+    /* The derivation stored at drvPath. */
+    std::unique_ptr<Derivation> drv;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ParsedDerivation> parsedDrv;
+
+    /* The remainder is state held during the build. */
+
+    /* Locks on (fixed) output paths. */
+    PathLocks outputLocks;
+
+    /* All input paths (that is, the union of FS closures of the
+       immediate input paths). */
+    StorePathSet inputPaths;
+
+    std::map<std::string, InitialOutput> initialOutputs;
+
+    /* User selected for running the builder. */
+    std::unique_ptr<UserLock> buildUser;
+
+    /* The process ID of the builder. */
+    Pid pid;
+
+    /* The temporary directory. */
+    Path tmpDir;
+
+    /* The path of the temporary directory in the sandbox. */
+    Path tmpDirInSandbox;
+
+    /* File descriptor for the log file. */
+    AutoCloseFD fdLogFile;
+    std::shared_ptr<BufferedSink> logFileSink, logSink;
+
+    /* Number of bytes received from the builder's stdout/stderr. */
+    unsigned long logSize;
+
+    /* The most recent log lines. */
+    std::list<std::string> logTail;
+
+    std::string currentLogLine;
+    size_t currentLogLinePos = 0; // to handle carriage return
+
+    std::string currentHookLine;
+
+    /* Pipe for the builder's standard output/error. */
+    Pipe builderOut;
+
+    /* Pipe for synchronising updates to the builder namespaces. */
+    Pipe userNamespaceSync;
+
+    /* The mount namespace of the builder, used to add additional
+       paths to the sandbox as a result of recursive Nix calls. */
+    AutoCloseFD sandboxMountNamespace;
+
+    /* On Linux, whether we're doing the build in its own user
+       namespace. */
+    bool usingUserNamespace = true;
+
+    /* The build hook. */
+    std::unique_ptr<HookInstance> hook;
+
+    /* Whether we're currently doing a chroot build. */
+    bool useChroot = false;
+
+    Path chrootRootDir;
+
+    /* RAII object to delete the chroot directory. */
+    std::shared_ptr<AutoDelete> autoDelChroot;
+
+    /* The sort of derivation we are building. */
+    DerivationType derivationType;
+
+    /* Whether to run the build in a private network namespace. */
+    bool privateNetwork = false;
+
+    typedef void (DerivationGoal::*GoalState)();
+    GoalState state;
+
+    /* Stuff we need to pass to initChild(). */
+    struct ChrootPath {
+        Path source;
+        bool optional;
+        ChrootPath(Path source = "", bool optional = false)
+            : source(source), optional(optional)
+        { }
+    };
+    typedef map<Path, ChrootPath> DirsInChroot; // maps target path to source path
+    DirsInChroot dirsInChroot;
+
+    typedef map<string, string> Environment;
+    Environment env;
+
+#if __APPLE__
+    typedef string SandboxProfile;
+    SandboxProfile additionalSandboxProfile;
+#endif
+
+    /* Hash rewriting. */
+    StringMap inputRewrites, outputRewrites;
+    typedef map<StorePath, StorePath> RedirectedOutputs;
+    RedirectedOutputs redirectedOutputs;
+
+    /* The outputs paths used during the build.
+
+       - Input-addressed derivations or fixed content-addressed outputs are
+         sometimes built when some of their outputs already exist, and can not
+         be hidden via sandboxing. We use temporary locations instead and
+         rewrite after the build. Otherwise the regular predetermined paths are
+         put here.
+
+       - Floating content-addressed derivations do not know their final build
+         output paths until the outputs are hashed, so random locations are
+         used, and then renamed. The randomness helps guard against hidden
+         self-references.
+     */
+    OutputPathMap scratchOutputs;
+
+    /* The final output paths of the build.
+
+       - For input-addressed derivations, always the precomputed paths
+
+       - For content-addressed derivations, calcuated from whatever the hash
+         ends up being. (Note that fixed outputs derivations that produce the
+         "wrong" output still install that data under its true content-address.)
+     */
+    OutputPathMap finalOutputs;
+
+    BuildMode buildMode;
+
+    /* If we're repairing without a chroot, there may be outputs that
+       are valid but corrupt.  So we redirect these outputs to
+       temporary paths. */
+    StorePathSet redirectedBadOutputs;
+
+    BuildResult result;
+
+    /* The current round, if we're building multiple times. */
+    size_t curRound = 1;
+
+    size_t nrRounds;
+
+    /* Path registration info from the previous round, if we're
+       building multiple times. Since this contains the hash, it
+       allows us to compare whether two rounds produced the same
+       result. */
+    std::map<Path, ValidPathInfo> prevInfos;
+
+    uid_t sandboxUid() { return usingUserNamespace ? 1000 : buildUser->getUID(); }
+    gid_t sandboxGid() { return usingUserNamespace ?  100 : buildUser->getGID(); }
+
+    const static Path homeDir;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<MaintainCount<uint64_t>> mcExpectedBuilds, mcRunningBuilds;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Activity> act;
+
+    /* Activity that denotes waiting for a lock. */
+    std::unique_ptr<Activity> actLock;
+
+    std::map<ActivityId, Activity> builderActivities;
+
+    /* The remote machine on which we're building. */
+    std::string machineName;
+
+    /* The recursive Nix daemon socket. */
+    AutoCloseFD daemonSocket;
+
+    /* The daemon main thread. */
+    std::thread daemonThread;
+
+    /* The daemon worker threads. */
+    std::vector<std::thread> daemonWorkerThreads;
+
+    /* Paths that were added via recursive Nix calls. */
+    StorePathSet addedPaths;
+
+    /* Recursive Nix calls are only allowed to build or realize paths
+       in the original input closure or added via a recursive Nix call
+       (so e.g. you can't do 'nix-store -r /nix/store/<bla>' where
+       /nix/store/<bla> is some arbitrary path in a binary cache). */
+    bool isAllowed(const StorePath & path)
+    {
+        return inputPaths.count(path) || addedPaths.count(path);
+    }
+
+    friend struct RestrictedStore;
+
+    DerivationGoal(const StorePath & drvPath,
+        const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker,
+        BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal);
+    DerivationGoal(const StorePath & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv,
+        const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker,
+        BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal);
+    ~DerivationGoal();
+
+    /* Whether we need to perform hash rewriting if there are valid output paths. */
+    bool needsHashRewrite();
+
+    void timedOut(Error && ex) override;
+
+    string key() override;
+
+    void work() override;
+
+    /* Add wanted outputs to an already existing derivation goal. */
+    void addWantedOutputs(const StringSet & outputs);
+
+    BuildResult getResult() { return result; }
+
+    /* The states. */
+    void getDerivation();
+    void loadDerivation();
+    void haveDerivation();
+    void outputsSubstitutionTried();
+    void gaveUpOnSubstitution();
+    void closureRepaired();
+    void inputsRealised();
+    void tryToBuild();
+    void tryLocalBuild();
+    void buildDone();
+
+    void resolvedFinished();
+
+    /* Is the build hook willing to perform the build? */
+    HookReply tryBuildHook();
+
+    /* Start building a derivation. */
+    void startBuilder();
+
+    /* Fill in the environment for the builder. */
+    void initEnv();
+
+    /* Setup tmp dir location. */
+    void initTmpDir();
+
+    /* Write a JSON file containing the derivation attributes. */
+    void writeStructuredAttrs();
+
+    void startDaemon();
+
+    void stopDaemon();
+
+    /* Add 'path' to the set of paths that may be referenced by the
+       outputs, and make it appear in the sandbox. */
+    void addDependency(const StorePath & path);
+
+    /* Make a file owned by the builder. */
+    void chownToBuilder(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Run the builder's process. */
+    void runChild();
+
+    /* Check that the derivation outputs all exist and register them
+       as valid. */
+    void registerOutputs();
+
+    /* Check that an output meets the requirements specified by the
+       'outputChecks' attribute (or the legacy
+       '{allowed,disallowed}{References,Requisites}' attributes). */
+    void checkOutputs(const std::map<std::string, ValidPathInfo> & outputs);
+
+    /* Open a log file and a pipe to it. */
+    Path openLogFile();
+
+    /* Close the log file. */
+    void closeLogFile();
+
+    /* Delete the temporary directory, if we have one. */
+    void deleteTmpDir(bool force);
+
+    /* Callback used by the worker to write to the log. */
+    void handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data) override;
+    void handleEOF(int fd) override;
+    void flushLine();
+
+    /* Wrappers around the corresponding Store methods that first consult the
+       derivation.  This is currently needed because when there is no drv file
+       there also is no DB entry. */
+    std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> queryPartialDerivationOutputMap();
+    OutputPathMap queryDerivationOutputMap();
+
+    /* Return the set of (in)valid paths. */
+    void checkPathValidity();
+
+    /* Forcibly kill the child process, if any. */
+    void killChild();
+
+    /* Create alternative path calculated from but distinct from the
+       input, so we can avoid overwriting outputs (or other store paths)
+       that already exist. */
+    StorePath makeFallbackPath(const StorePath & path);
+    /* Make a path to another based on the output name along with the
+       derivation hash. */
+    /* FIXME add option to randomize, so we can audit whether our
+       rewrites caught everything */
+    StorePath makeFallbackPath(std::string_view outputName);
+
+    void repairClosure();
+
+    void started();
+
+    void done(
+        BuildResult::Status status,
+        std::optional<Error> ex = {});
+
+    StorePathSet exportReferences(const StorePathSet & storePaths);
+};
+
+}