Put functional tests in `tests/functional`

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c737571794f7246db53fb4774e94fcf4b7e)

1 files changed, 56 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/functional/parallel.sh b/tests/functional/parallel.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b7bbe5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/parallel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+source common.sh
+
+
+# First, test that -jN performs builds in parallel.
+echo "testing nix-build -j..."
+
+clearStore
+
+rm -f $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.cur $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.max
+
+outPath=$(nix-build -j10000 parallel.nix --no-out-link)
+
+echo "output path is $outPath"
+
+text=$(cat "$outPath")
+if test "$text" != "abacade"; then exit 1; fi
+
+if test "$(cat $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.cur)" != 0; then fail "wrong current process count"; fi
+if test "$(cat $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.max)" != 3; then fail "not enough parallelism"; fi
+
+
+# Second, test that parallel invocations of nix-build perform builds
+# in parallel, and don't block waiting on locks held by the others.
+echo "testing multiple nix-build -j1..."
+
+clearStore
+
+rm -f $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.cur $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.max
+
+drvPath=$(nix-instantiate parallel.nix --argstr sleepTime 15)
+
+cmd="nix-store -j1 -r $drvPath"
+
+$cmd &
+pid1=$!
+echo "pid 1 is $pid1"
+
+$cmd &
+pid2=$!
+echo "pid 2 is $pid2"
+
+$cmd &
+pid3=$!
+echo "pid 3 is $pid3"
+
+$cmd &
+pid4=$!
+echo "pid 4 is $pid4"
+
+wait $pid1 || fail "instance 1 failed: $?"
+wait $pid2 || fail "instance 2 failed: $?"
+wait $pid3 || fail "instance 3 failed: $?"
+wait $pid4 || fail "instance 4 failed: $?"
+
+if test "$(cat $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.cur)" != 0; then fail "wrong current process count"; fi
+if test "$(cat $_NIX_TEST_SHARED.max)" != 3; then fail "not enough parallelism"; fi