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# Glossary
- derivation
A description of a build action. The result of a derivation is a
store object. Derivations are typically specified in Nix expressions
using the [`derivation` primitive](#ssec-derivation). These are
translated into low-level *store derivations* (implicitly by
`nix-env` and `nix-build`, or explicitly by `nix-instantiate`).
- store
The location in the file system where store objects live. Typically
`/nix/store`.
- store path
The location in the file system of a store object, i.e., an
immediate child of the Nix store directory.
- store object
A file that is an immediate child of the Nix store directory. These
can be regular files, but also entire directory trees. Store objects
can be sources (objects copied from outside of the store),
derivation outputs (objects produced by running a build action), or
derivations (files describing a build action).
- substitute
A substitute is a command invocation stored in the Nix database that
describes how to build a store object, bypassing the normal build
mechanism (i.e., derivations). Typically, the substitute builds the
store object by downloading a pre-built version of the store object
from some server.
- purity
The assumption that equal Nix derivations when run always produce
the same output. This cannot be guaranteed in general (e.g., a
builder can rely on external inputs such as the network or the
system time) but the Nix model assumes it.
- Nix expression
A high-level description of software packages and compositions
thereof. Deploying software using Nix entails writing Nix
expressions for your packages. Nix expressions are translated to
derivations that are stored in the Nix store. These derivations can
then be built.
- reference
A store path `P` is said to have a reference to a store path `Q` if
the store object at `P` contains the path `Q` somewhere. The
*references* of a store path are the set of store paths to which it
has a reference.
A derivation can reference other derivations and sources (but not
output paths), whereas an output path only references other output
paths.
- reachable
A store path `Q` is reachable from another store path `P` if `Q` is
in the [closure](#gloss-closure) of the
[references](#gloss-reference) relation.
- closure
The closure of a store path is the set of store paths that are
directly or indirectly “reachable” from that store path; that is,
it’s the closure of the path under the
[references](#gloss-reference) relation. For a package, the closure
of its derivation is equivalent to the build-time dependencies,
while the closure of its output path is equivalent to its runtime
dependencies. For correct deployment it is necessary to deploy whole
closures, since otherwise at runtime files could be missing. The
command `nix-store -qR` prints out closures of store paths.
As an example, if the store object at path `P` contains a reference
to path `Q`, then `Q` is in the closure of `P`. Further, if `Q`
references `R` then `R` is also in the closure of `P`.
- output path
A store path produced by a derivation.
- deriver
The deriver of an [output path](#gloss-output-path) is the store
derivation that built it.
- validity
A store path is considered *valid* if it exists in the file system,
is listed in the Nix database as being valid, and if all paths in
its closure are also valid.
- user environment
An automatically generated store object that consists of a set of
symlinks to “active” applications, i.e., other store paths. These
are generated automatically by [`nix-env`](#sec-nix-env). See
[???](#sec-profiles).
- profile
A symlink to the current [user environment](#gloss-user-env) of a
user, e.g., `/nix/var/nix/profiles/default`.
- NAR
A *N*ix *AR*chive. This is a serialisation of a path in the Nix
store. It can contain regular files, directories and symbolic links.
NARs are generated and unpacked using `nix-store --dump` and
`nix-store
--restore`.
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