path: root/src/main.rs

//! A lightweight X11 window manager, inspired by dwm.
//!
//! # Structure
//!
//! The main thing a WM has to do is respond to events: this is done in the [`WM::event_loop`] function, which dispatches to the `handle_*` methods of that struct.
//!
//! [`conn_info`] wraps XCB's [`xcb::Connection`] type and caches common resources such as atoms, colours, cursors, and keyboard layout info.
//!
//! `focus.rs`, [`keys`], and [`clients`] all add some event handlers to [`WM`], but most of the important code is in [`clients`].
//!
//! [`config`] holds all of the variables that a user might want to change.
//!
//! # XCB
//!
//! Unlike dwm, blow uses XCB rather than Xlib. This means requests are asynchronous by default.
//! In most places, we avoid checking for errors unless we need to see the response to a request.
//! Errors will be caught and logged in the event loop instead. See [`xcb`] documentation for more details.
#![deny(clippy::all, clippy::pedantic, clippy::nursery)]
#![allow(clippy::must_use_candidate, clippy::missing_errors_doc)]

use clients::ClientState;
use conn_info::Connection;
pub use error::*;
use nix::{
    sys::{
        signal::{sigaction, SaFlags, SigAction, SigHandler, SigSet, Signal},
        wait::{waitpid, WaitPidFlag},
    },
    unistd::Pid,
};
use xcb::{
    x::{self, ClientMessageEvent, PropertyNotifyEvent},
    Connection as RawConnection, Event, Extension, Xid,
};

pub mod buttons;
pub mod clients;
pub mod config;
pub mod conn_info;
#[doc(hidden)]
mod error;
#[doc(hidden)]
mod focus;
pub mod helpers;
pub mod keys;
pub mod log;

/// Do the thing!
fn main() -> Result<()> {
    cleanup_process_children();

    let (conn, screen_num) =
        RawConnection::connect_with_extensions(None, &[], &[Extension::Xinerama])?;

    #[allow(clippy::cast_sign_loss)]
    let mut wm = WM::new(&conn, screen_num as usize)?;

    #[cfg(feature = "autostart")]
    {
        for to_start in config::AUTOSTART_SCRIPTS {
            helpers::spawn(to_start[0], &to_start[1..]);
        }
    }

    wm.event_loop()?;

    Ok(())
}

/// All of the state used by the window manager
pub struct WM<'a> {
    conn: Connection<'a>,
    clients: ClientState,
}

impl<'a> WM<'a> {
    /// Prepare to start the window manager, using the given connection and scren number.
    pub fn new(conn: &'a RawConnection, screen_num: usize) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut this = Self {
            conn: Connection::new(conn, screen_num)?,
            clients: ClientState::default(),
        };

        this.clients.update_geometry(&this.conn)?;
        keys::grab(&mut this.conn)?;

        Ok(this)
    }

    /// Run the main event loop until we encounter a non-recoverable error (usually connection).
    /// This will only ever return an error.
    pub fn event_loop(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        loop {
            match self.conn.wait_for_event() {
                Ok(e) => {
                    if let Err(err) = self.dispatch_event(e) {
                        eprintln!("error when handling event: {err:#?}\ncontinuing anyway");
                    }
                }
                Err(Error::Xcb(xcb::Error::Protocol(e))) => {
                    eprintln!("protocol error in event loop: {e:#?}\ncontinuing anyway");
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    eprintln!("unrecoverable error: {e:#?}\nexiting event loop");
                    return Err(e);
                }
            };
            self.conn.flush()?;
        }
    }

    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, e: xcb::Event) -> Result<()> {
        debug!("received event: {e:?}");

        match e {
            // See keys.rs
            Event::X(x::Event::KeyPress(e)) => self.handle_key_press(&e),
            Event::X(x::Event::MappingNotify(e)) => self.handle_mapping_notify(&e)?,

            // See buttons.rs
            Event::X(x::Event::ButtonPress(e)) => self.handle_button_press(&e),

            // See clients/mod.rs
            Event::X(x::Event::ConfigureRequest(e)) => {
                self.handle_configure_request(&e);
            }
            Event::X(x::Event::ConfigureNotify(e)) => {
                self.handle_configure_notify(&e)?;
            }
            Event::X(x::Event::DestroyNotify(e)) => self.handle_destroy_notify(&e),
            Event::X(x::Event::MapRequest(e)) => self.handle_map_request(&e)?,
            Event::X(x::Event::UnmapNotify(e)) => self.handle_unmap_notify(&e),

            // See focus.rs
            Event::X(x::Event::EnterNotify(e)) => self.handle_enter_notify(&e),
            Event::X(x::Event::FocusIn(e)) => self.handle_focus_in(&e),

            // See below
            Event::X(x::Event::PropertyNotify(e)) => self.handle_property_notify(&e),
            Event::X(x::Event::ClientMessage(e)) => self.handle_client_message(&e),
            _ => {}
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Update client properties when they change in X11.
    fn handle_property_notify(&mut self, e: &PropertyNotifyEvent) {
        if x::ATOM_WM_HINTS == e.atom() {
            let focused = self.clients.is_focused(e.window());
            if let Some(c) = self.clients.find_client_mut(e.window()) {
                c.sync_hints(&self.conn, focused);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle some common client requests set out by the EWMH spec
    fn handle_client_message(&mut self, e: &ClientMessageEvent) {
        let Some(pos) = self.clients.find_client_pos(e.window()) else {
            return;
        };

        if e.format() != 32 {
            return;
        }

        if e.r#type() == self.conn.atoms.net_wm_state {
            let x::ClientMessageData::Data32(data) = e.data() else {
                unreachable!();
            };

            if !(data[1] == self.conn.atoms.net_wm_fullscreen.resource_id()
                || data[2] == self.conn.atoms.net_wm_fullscreen.resource_id())
            {
                return;
            }

            let mon_geom = self.clients.client_mon(pos).screen_info;
            let c = self.clients.client_mut(pos);
            let fullscreen = match data[0] {
                1 => true,
                2 => !c.fullscreen(),
                _ => false,
            };

            if fullscreen {
                c.set_fullscreen(&self.conn, &mon_geom);
            } else {
                c.set_tiled(&self.conn);
            }
            self.clients.rearrange(&self.conn);
        }
    }
}

/// Cleanup this process' children and set some flags.
/// This is necessary when used with `startx`.
fn cleanup_process_children() {
    unsafe {
        // Don't transform children into zombies when they terminate
        sigaction(
            Signal::SIGCHLD,
            &SigAction::new(
                SigHandler::SigIgn,
                SaFlags::SA_NOCLDSTOP | SaFlags::SA_NOCLDWAIT | SaFlags::SA_RESTART,
                SigSet::empty(),
            ),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Immediately wait for zombie processes to die - sometimes these come from startx.
        while waitpid(Pid::from_raw(-1), Some(WaitPidFlag::WNOHANG)).is_ok() {}
    };
}