Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into single-ca-drv-build

47 files changed, 372 insertions, 252 deletions

diff --git a/doc/manual/command-ref/conf-file.xml b/doc/manual/command-ref/conf-file.xml
index 9c55526a3..d0f1b09ca 100644
--- a/doc/manual/command-ref/conf-file.xml
+++ b/doc/manual/command-ref/conf-file.xml
@@ -370,6 +370,33 @@ false</literal>.</para>
 
   </varlistentry>
 
+  <varlistentry xml:id="conf-hashed-mirrors"><term><literal>hashed-mirrors</literal></term>
+
+    <listitem><para>A list of web servers used by
+    <function>builtins.fetchurl</function> to obtain files by hash.
+    Given a hash type <replaceable>ht</replaceable> and a base-16 hash
+    <replaceable>h</replaceable>, Nix will try to download the file
+    from
+    <literal>hashed-mirror/<replaceable>ht</replaceable>/<replaceable>h</replaceable></literal>.
+    This allows files to be downloaded even if they have disappeared
+    from their original URI. For example, given the hashed mirror
+    <literal>http://tarballs.example.com/</literal>, when building the
+    derivation
+
+<programlisting>
+builtins.fetchurl {
+  url = "https://example.org/foo-1.2.3.tar.xz";
+  sha256 = "2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae";
+}
+</programlisting>
+
+    Nix will attempt to download this file from
+    <literal>http://tarballs.example.com/sha256/2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae</literal>
+    first. If it is not available there, if will try the original URI.</para></listitem>
+
+  </varlistentry>
+
+
   <varlistentry xml:id="conf-http-connections"><term><literal>http-connections</literal></term>
 
     <listitem><para>The maximum number of parallel TCP connections
diff --git a/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs b/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
index 6fe01fff0..8546f6307 100644
--- a/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
+++ b/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ SV * queryReferences(char * path)
 SV * queryPathHash(char * path)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            auto s = store()->queryPathInfo(store()->parseStorePath(path))->narHash->to_string(Base32, true);
+            auto s = store()->queryPathInfo(store()->parseStorePath(path))->narHash.to_string(Base32, true);
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(s.c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ SV * queryPathInfo(char * path, int base32)
                 XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
             else
                 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(store()->printStorePath(*info->deriver).c_str(), 0)));
-            auto s = info->narHash->to_string(base32 ? Base32 : Base16, true);
+            auto s = info->narHash.to_string(base32 ? Base32 : Base16, true);
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(s.c_str(), 0)));
             mXPUSHi(info->registrationTime);
             mXPUSHi(info->narSize);
@@ -303,13 +303,12 @@ SV * derivationFromPath(char * drvPath)
             hash = newHV();
 
             HV * outputs = newHV();
-            for (auto & i : drv.outputs) {
-                auto pathOpt = i.second.pathOpt(*store(), drv.name);
+            for (auto & i : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(*store())) {
                 hv_store(
                     outputs, i.first.c_str(), i.first.size(),
-                    !pathOpt
+                    !i.second.second
                         ? newSV(0) /* null value */
-                        : newSVpv(store()->printStorePath(*pathOpt).c_str(), 0),
+                        : newSVpv(store()->printStorePath(*i.second.second).c_str(), 0),
                     0);
             }
             hv_stores(hash, "outputs", newRV((SV *) outputs));
diff --git a/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc b/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
index 5247cefa6..ce5127113 100644
--- a/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
+++ b/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ static AutoCloseFD openSlotLock(const Machine & m, uint64_t slot)
     return openLockFile(fmt("%s/%s-%d", currentLoad, escapeUri(m.storeUri), slot), true);
 }
 
-static bool allSupportedLocally(const std::set<std::string>& requiredFeatures) {
+static bool allSupportedLocally(Store & store, const std::set<std::string>& requiredFeatures) {
     for (auto & feature : requiredFeatures)
-        if (!settings.systemFeatures.get().count(feature)) return false;
+        if (!store.systemFeatures.get().count(feature)) return false;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static int _main(int argc, char * * argv)
             auto canBuildLocally = amWilling
                  &&  (  neededSystem == settings.thisSystem
                      || settings.extraPlatforms.get().count(neededSystem) > 0)
-                 &&  allSupportedLocally(requiredFeatures);
+                 &&  allSupportedLocally(*store, requiredFeatures);
 
             /* Error ignored here, will be caught later */
             mkdir(currentLoad.c_str(), 0777);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ static int _main(int argc, char * * argv)
                             % concatStringsSep<StringSet>(", ", m.mandatoryFeatures);
                         }
 
-                        logError({
+                        logErrorInfo(lvlInfo, {
                               .name = "Remote build",
                               .description = "Failed to find a machine for remote build!",
                               .hint = hint
@@ -224,15 +224,7 @@ static int _main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
                     Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, actUnknown, fmt("connecting to '%s'", bestMachine->storeUri));
 
-                    Store::Params storeParams;
-                    if (hasPrefix(bestMachine->storeUri, "ssh://")) {
-                        storeParams["max-connections"] = "1";
-                        storeParams["log-fd"] = "4";
-                        if (bestMachine->sshKey != "")
-                            storeParams["ssh-key"] = bestMachine->sshKey;
-                    }
-
-                    sshStore = openStore(bestMachine->storeUri, storeParams);
+                    sshStore = bestMachine->openStore();
                     sshStore->connect();
                     storeUri = bestMachine->storeUri;
 
diff --git a/src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc b/src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc
index d41cac132..e66832182 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ DrvInfo::DrvInfo(EvalState & state, ref<Store> store, const std::string & drvPat
     auto i = drv.outputs.find(outputName);
     if (i == drv.outputs.end())
         throw Error("derivation '%s' does not have output '%s'", store->printStorePath(drvPath), outputName);
+    auto & [outputName, output] = *i;
 
-    auto optStorePath = i->second.pathOpt(*store, drv.name);
+    auto optStorePath = output.pathOpt(*store, drv.name, outputName);
     if (optStorePath)
         outPath = store->printStorePath(*optStorePath);
 }
diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops.cc b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
index 05c571d65..e6391f509 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static void mkOutputString(EvalState & state, Value & v,
     const StorePath & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv,
     std::pair<string, DerivationOutput> o)
 {
-    auto optOutputPath = o.second.pathOpt(*state.store, drv.name);
+    auto optOutputPath = o.second.pathOpt(*state.store, drv.name, o.first);
     mkString(
         *state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.create(o.first)),
         state.store->printStorePath(optOutputPath
diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops/fetchTree.cc b/src/libexpr/primops/fetchTree.cc
index cddcf0e59..0dbf4ae1d 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops/fetchTree.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops/fetchTree.cc
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static void fetch(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v,
             : hashFile(htSHA256, path);
         if (hash != *expectedHash)
             throw Error((unsigned int) 102, "hash mismatch in file downloaded from '%s':\n  wanted: %s\n  got:    %s",
-                *url, expectedHash->to_string(Base32, true), hash->to_string(Base32, true));
+                *url, expectedHash->to_string(Base32, true), hash.to_string(Base32, true));
     }
 
     if (state.allowedPaths)
diff --git a/src/libfetchers/fetchers.cc b/src/libfetchers/fetchers.cc
index 9c69fc564..eaa635595 100644
--- a/src/libfetchers/fetchers.cc
+++ b/src/libfetchers/fetchers.cc
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ std::pair<Tree, Input> Input::fetch(ref<Store> store) const
         tree.actualPath = store->toRealPath(tree.storePath);
 
     auto narHash = store->queryPathInfo(tree.storePath)->narHash;
-    input.attrs.insert_or_assign("narHash", narHash->to_string(SRI, true));
+    input.attrs.insert_or_assign("narHash", narHash.to_string(SRI, true));
 
     if (auto prevNarHash = getNarHash()) {
         if (narHash != *prevNarHash)
             throw Error((unsigned int) 102, "NAR hash mismatch in input '%s' (%s), expected '%s', got '%s'",
-                to_string(), tree.actualPath, prevNarHash->to_string(SRI, true), narHash->to_string(SRI, true));
+                to_string(), tree.actualPath, prevNarHash->to_string(SRI, true), narHash.to_string(SRI, true));
     }
 
     if (auto prevLastModified = getLastModified()) {
diff --git a/src/libfetchers/tarball.cc b/src/libfetchers/tarball.cc
index 55158cece..a2d16365e 100644
--- a/src/libfetchers/tarball.cc
+++ b/src/libfetchers/tarball.cc
@@ -67,8 +67,10 @@ DownloadFileResult downloadFile(
         StringSink sink;
         dumpString(*res.data, sink);
         auto hash = hashString(htSHA256, *res.data);
-        ValidPathInfo info(store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Flat, hash, name));
-        info.narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *sink.s);
+        ValidPathInfo info {
+            store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Flat, hash, name),
+            hashString(htSHA256, *sink.s),
+        };
         info.narSize = sink.s->size();
         info.ca = FixedOutputHash {
             .method = FileIngestionMethod::Flat,
diff --git a/src/libmain/progress-bar.cc b/src/libmain/progress-bar.cc
index 3f7d99a1d..be3c06a38 100644
--- a/src/libmain/progress-bar.cc
+++ b/src/libmain/progress-bar.cc
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ public:
         auto width = getWindowSize().second;
         if (width <= 0) width = std::numeric_limits<decltype(width)>::max();
 
-        writeToStderr("\r" + filterANSIEscapes(line, false, width) + "\e[K");
+        writeToStderr("\r" + filterANSIEscapes(line, false, width) + ANSI_NORMAL + "\e[K");
     }
 
     std::string getStatus(State & state)
diff --git a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
index 86877dd1a..5433fe50d 100644
--- a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ struct FileSource : FdSource
 void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & narSource,
     RepairFlag repair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs)
 {
-    assert(info.narHash && info.narSize);
+    assert(info.narSize);
 
     if (!repair && isValidPath(info.path)) {
         // FIXME: copyNAR -> null sink
@@ -312,14 +312,10 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::narFromPath(const StorePath & storePath, Sink & sink)
 {
     auto info = queryPathInfo(storePath).cast<const NarInfo>();
 
-    uint64_t narSize = 0;
+    LengthSink narSize;
+    TeeSink tee { sink, narSize };
 
-    LambdaSink wrapperSink([&](const unsigned char * data, size_t len) {
-        sink(data, len);
-        narSize += len;
-    });
-
-    auto decompressor = makeDecompressionSink(info->compression, wrapperSink);
+    auto decompressor = makeDecompressionSink(info->compression, tee);
 
     try {
         getFile(info->url, *decompressor);
@@ -331,7 +327,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::narFromPath(const StorePath & storePath, Sink & sink)
 
     stats.narRead++;
     //stats.narReadCompressedBytes += nar->size(); // FIXME
-    stats.narReadBytes += narSize;
+    stats.narReadBytes += narSize.length;
 }
 
 void BinaryCacheStore::queryPathInfoUncached(const StorePath & storePath,
@@ -385,7 +381,10 @@ StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath
         h = hashString(hashAlgo, s);
     }
 
-    ValidPathInfo info(makeFixedOutputPath(method, *h, name));
+    ValidPathInfo info {
+        makeFixedOutputPath(method, *h, name),
+        Hash::dummy, // Will be fixed in addToStore, which recomputes nar hash
+    };
 
     auto source = StringSource { *sink.s };
     addToStore(info, source, repair, CheckSigs);
@@ -396,7 +395,10 @@ StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath
 StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
     const StorePathSet & references, RepairFlag repair)
 {
-    ValidPathInfo info(computeStorePathForText(name, s, references));
+    ValidPathInfo info {
+        computeStorePathForText(name, s, references),
+        Hash::dummy, // Will be fixed in addToStore, which recomputes nar hash
+    };
     info.references = references;
 
     if (repair || !isValidPath(info.path)) {
diff --git a/src/libstore/build.cc b/src/libstore/build.cc
index 0ea8f9c97..db93d6092 100644
--- a/src/libstore/build.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/build.cc
@@ -1235,12 +1235,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::haveDerivation()
 
     retrySubstitution = false;
 
-    /* Temporarily root output paths that are known a priori building */
-    for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
-        auto optOutputPath = i.second.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name);
-        if (optOutputPath)
-            worker.store.addTempRoot(*optOutputPath);
-    }
+    for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+        if (i.second.second)
+            worker.store.addTempRoot(*i.second.second);
 
     /* Check what outputs paths are not already valid. */
     checkPathValidity();
@@ -1524,11 +1521,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
     PathSet lockFiles;
     /* FIXME: Should lock something like the drv itself so we don't build same
        CA drv concurrently */
-    for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
-        auto optPath = i.second.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name);
-        if (optPath)
-            lockFiles.insert(worker.store.Store::toRealPath(*optPath));
-    }
+    for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+        if (i.second.second)
+            lockFiles.insert(worker.store.Store::toRealPath(*i.second.second));
 
     if (!outputLocks.lockPaths(lockFiles, "", false)) {
         if (!actLock)
@@ -1575,7 +1570,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
     /* Don't do a remote build if the derivation has the attribute
        `preferLocalBuild' set.  Also, check and repair modes are only
        supported for local builds. */
-    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || parsedDrv->willBuildLocally();
+    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || parsedDrv->willBuildLocally(worker.store);
 
     if (!buildLocally) {
         switch (tryBuildHook()) {
@@ -2031,15 +2026,14 @@ StorePathSet DerivationGoal::exportReferences(const StorePathSet & storePaths)
     for (auto & j : paths2) {
         if (j.isDerivation()) {
             Derivation drv = worker.store.derivationFromPath(j);
-            for (auto & k : drv.outputs) {
-                auto optPath = k.second.pathOpt(worker.store, drv.name);
-                if (!optPath)
+            for (auto & k : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store)) {
+                if (!k.second.second)
                     /* FIXME: I am confused why we are calling
                        `computeFSClosure` on the output path, rather than
                        derivation itself. That doesn't seem right to me, so I
                        won't try to implemented this for CA derivations. */
                     throw UnimplementedError("export references including CA derivations (themselves) is not yet implemented");
-                worker.store.computeFSClosure(*optPath, paths);
+                worker.store.computeFSClosure(*k.second.second, paths);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2084,13 +2078,13 @@ void linkOrCopy(const Path & from, const Path & to)
 void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
 {
     /* Right platform? */
-    if (!parsedDrv->canBuildLocally())
+    if (!parsedDrv->canBuildLocally(worker.store))
         throw Error("a '%s' with features {%s} is required to build '%s', but I am a '%s' with features {%s}",
             drv->platform,
             concatStringsSep(", ", parsedDrv->getRequiredSystemFeatures()),
             worker.store.printStorePath(drvPath),
             settings.thisSystem,
-            concatStringsSep<StringSet>(", ", settings.systemFeatures));
+            concatStringsSep<StringSet>(", ", worker.store.systemFeatures));
 
     if (drv->isBuiltin())
         preloadNSS();
@@ -2376,15 +2370,14 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
            rebuilding a path that is in settings.dirsInChroot
            (typically the dependencies of /bin/sh).  Throw them
            out. */
-        for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
+        for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store)) {
             /* If the name isn't known a priori (i.e. floating
                content-addressed derivation), the temporary location we use
                should be fresh.  Freshness means it is impossible that the path
                is already in the sandbox, so we don't need to worry about
                removing it.  */
-            auto optPath = i.second.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name);
-            if (optPath)
-                dirsInChroot.erase(worker.store.printStorePath(*optPath));
+            if (i.second.second)
+                dirsInChroot.erase(worker.store.printStorePath(*i.second.second));
         }
 
 #elif __APPLE__
@@ -3088,7 +3081,8 @@ void DerivationGoal::startDaemon()
                 FdSink to(remote.get());
                 try {
                     daemon::processConnection(store, from, to,
-                        daemon::NotTrusted, daemon::Recursive, "nobody", 65535);
+                        daemon::NotTrusted, daemon::Recursive,
+                        [&](Store & store) { store.createUser("nobody", 65535); });
                     debug("terminated daemon connection");
                 } catch (SysError &) {
                     ignoreException();
@@ -3347,7 +3341,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                 createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/shm");
                 createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts");
                 ss.push_back("/dev/full");
-                if (settings.systemFeatures.get().count("kvm") && pathExists("/dev/kvm"))
+                if (worker.store.systemFeatures.get().count("kvm") && pathExists("/dev/kvm"))
                     ss.push_back("/dev/kvm");
                 ss.push_back("/dev/null");
                 ss.push_back("/dev/random");
@@ -3767,9 +3761,8 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
      */
     if (hook) {
         bool allValid = true;
-        for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
-            auto optStorePath = i.second.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name);
-            if (!optStorePath || !worker.store.isValidPath(*optStorePath))
+        for (auto & i : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store)) {
+            if (!i.second.second || !worker.store.isValidPath(*i.second.second))
                 allValid = false;
         }
         if (allValid) return;
@@ -3997,6 +3990,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
             }
             auto got = caSink.finish().first;
             auto refs = rewriteRefs();
+            HashModuloSink narSink { htSHA256, oldHashPart };
+            dumpPath(actualPath, narSink);
+            auto narHashAndSize = narSink.finish();
             ValidPathInfo newInfo0 {
                 worker.store.makeFixedOutputPath(
                     outputHash.method,
@@ -4004,7 +4000,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                     outputPathName(drv->name, outputName),
                     refs.second,
                     refs.first),
+                narHashAndSize.first,
             };
+            newInfo0.narSize = narHashAndSize.second;
             newInfo0.ca = FixedOutputHash {
                 .method = outputHash.method,
                 .hash = got,
@@ -4012,13 +4010,6 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
             newInfo0.references = refs.second;
             if (refs.first)
                 newInfo0.references.insert(newInfo0.path);
-            {
-                HashModuloSink narSink { htSHA256, oldHashPart };
-                dumpPath(actualPath, narSink);
-                auto narHashAndSize = narSink.finish();
-                newInfo0.narHash = narHashAndSize.first;
-                newInfo0.narSize = narHashAndSize.second;
-            }
 
             assert(newInfo0.ca);
             return newInfo0;
@@ -4036,8 +4027,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                         std::string { requiredFinalPath.hashPart() });
                 rewriteOutput();
                 auto narHashAndSize = hashPath(htSHA256, actualPath);
-                ValidPathInfo newInfo0 { requiredFinalPath };
-                newInfo0.narHash = narHashAndSize.first;
+                ValidPathInfo newInfo0 { requiredFinalPath, narHashAndSize.first };
                 newInfo0.narSize = narHashAndSize.second;
                 auto refs = rewriteRefs();
                 newInfo0.references = refs.second;
@@ -4081,7 +4071,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
            floating CA derivations and hash-mismatching fixed-output
            derivations. */
         PathLocks dynamicOutputLock;
-        auto optFixedPath = output.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name);
+        auto optFixedPath = output.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name, outputName);
         if (!optFixedPath ||
             worker.store.printStorePath(*optFixedPath) != finalDestPath)
         {
@@ -4563,7 +4553,7 @@ std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> DerivationGoal::queryDerivationO
     if (drv->type() != DerivationType::CAFloating) {
         std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> res;
         for (auto & [name, output] : drv->outputs)
-            res.insert_or_assign(name, output.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name));
+            res.insert_or_assign(name, output.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name, name));
         return res;
     } else {
         return worker.store.queryDerivationOutputMap(drvPath);
@@ -4574,8 +4564,8 @@ OutputPathMap DerivationGoal::queryDerivationOutputMapAssumeTotal()
 {
     if (drv->type() != DerivationType::CAFloating) {
         OutputPathMap res;
-        for (auto & [name, output] : drv->outputs)
-            res.insert_or_assign(name, *output.pathOpt(worker.store, drv->name));
+        for (auto & [name, output] : drv->outputsAndOptPaths(worker.store))
+            res.insert_or_assign(name, *output.second);
         return res;
     } else {
         return worker.store.queryDerivationOutputMapAssumeTotal(drvPath);
@@ -5427,7 +5417,7 @@ bool Worker::pathContentsGood(const StorePath & path)
     if (!pathExists(store.printStorePath(path)))
         res = false;
     else {
-        HashResult current = hashPath(info->narHash->type, store.printStorePath(path));
+        HashResult current = hashPath(info->narHash.type, store.printStorePath(path));
         Hash nullHash(htSHA256);
         res = info->narHash == nullHash || info->narHash == current.first;
     }
diff --git a/src/libstore/builtins/fetchurl.cc b/src/libstore/builtins/fetchurl.cc
index 6585a480d..4fb5d8a06 100644
--- a/src/libstore/builtins/fetchurl.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/builtins/fetchurl.cc
@@ -58,6 +58,20 @@ void builtinFetchurl(const BasicDerivation & drv, const std::string & netrcData)
         }
     };
 
+    /* Try the hashed mirrors first. */
+    if (getAttr("outputHashMode") == "flat")
+        for (auto hashedMirror : settings.hashedMirrors.get())
+            try {
+                if (!hasSuffix(hashedMirror, "/")) hashedMirror += '/';
+                std::optional<HashType> ht = parseHashTypeOpt(getAttr("outputHashAlgo"));
+                Hash h = newHashAllowEmpty(getAttr("outputHash"), ht);
+                fetch(hashedMirror + printHashType(h.type) + "/" + h.to_string(Base16, false));
+                return;
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                debug(e.what());
+            }
+
+    /* Otherwise try the specified URL. */
     fetch(mainUrl);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/daemon.cc b/src/libstore/daemon.cc
index 9503915eb..046dfbe6e 100644
--- a/src/libstore/daemon.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/daemon.cc
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ static void performOp(TunnelLogger * logger, ref<Store> store,
         logger->startWork();
         auto hash = store->queryPathInfo(path)->narHash;
         logger->stopWork();
-        to << hash->to_string(Base16, false);
+        to << hash.to_string(Base16, false);
         break;
     }
 
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ static void performOp(TunnelLogger * logger, ref<Store> store,
             if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 17)
                 to << 1;
             to << (info->deriver ? store->printStorePath(*info->deriver) : "")
-               << info->narHash->to_string(Base16, false);
+               << info->narHash.to_string(Base16, false);
             writeStorePaths(*store, to, info->references);
             to << info->registrationTime << info->narSize;
             if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 16) {
@@ -694,11 +694,12 @@ static void performOp(TunnelLogger * logger, ref<Store> store,
 
     case wopAddToStoreNar: {
         bool repair, dontCheckSigs;
-        ValidPathInfo info(store->parseStorePath(readString(from)));
+        auto path = store->parseStorePath(readString(from));
         auto deriver = readString(from);
+        auto narHash = Hash::parseAny(readString(from), htSHA256);
+        ValidPathInfo info { path, narHash };
         if (deriver != "")
             info.deriver = store->parseStorePath(deriver);
-        info.narHash = Hash::parseAny(readString(from), htSHA256);
         info.references = readStorePaths<StorePathSet>(*store, from);
         from >> info.registrationTime >> info.narSize >> info.ultimate;
         info.sigs = readStrings<StringSet>(from);
@@ -817,8 +818,7 @@ void processConnection(
     FdSink & to,
     TrustedFlag trusted,
     RecursiveFlag recursive,
-    const std::string & userName,
-    uid_t userId)
+    std::function<void(Store &)> authHook)
 {
     auto monitor = !recursive ? std::make_unique<MonitorFdHup>(from.fd) : nullptr;
 
@@ -859,15 +859,7 @@ void processConnection(
 
         /* If we can't accept clientVersion, then throw an error
            *here* (not above). */
-
-#if 0
-        /* Prevent users from doing something very dangerous. */
-        if (geteuid() == 0 &&
-            querySetting("build-users-group", "") == "")
-            throw Error("if you run 'nix-daemon' as root, then you MUST set 'build-users-group'!");
-#endif
-
-        store->createUser(userName, userId);
+        authHook(*store);
 
         tunnelLogger->stopWork();
         to.flush();
diff --git a/src/libstore/daemon.hh b/src/libstore/daemon.hh
index 266932013..841ace316 100644
--- a/src/libstore/daemon.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/daemon.hh
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ void processConnection(
     FdSink & to,
     TrustedFlag trusted,
     RecursiveFlag recursive,
-    const std::string & userName,
-    uid_t userId);
+    /* Arbitrary hook to check authorization / initialize user data / whatever
+       after the protocol has been negotiated. The idea is that this function
+       and everything it calls doesn't know about this stuff, and the
+       `nix-daemon` handles that instead. */
+    std::function<void(Store &)> authHook);
 
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/derivations.cc b/src/libstore/derivations.cc
index e9f35a6f1..fb1d06466 100644
--- a/src/libstore/derivations.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/derivations.cc
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
-std::optional<StorePath> DerivationOutput::pathOpt(const Store & store, std::string_view drvName) const
+std::optional<StorePath> DerivationOutput::pathOpt(const Store & store, std::string_view drvName, std::string_view outputName) const
 {
     return std::visit(overloaded {
         [](DerivationOutputInputAddressed doi) -> std::optional<StorePath> {
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ std::optional<StorePath> DerivationOutput::pathOpt(const Store & store, std::str
         },
         [&](DerivationOutputCAFixed dof) -> std::optional<StorePath> {
             return {
-                // FIXME if we intend to support multiple CA outputs.
-                dof.path(store, drvName, "out")
+                dof.path(store, drvName, outputName)
             };
         },
         [](DerivationOutputCAFloating dof) -> std::optional<StorePath> {
@@ -581,6 +580,16 @@ StringSet BasicDerivation::outputNames() const
     return names;
 }
 
+DerivationOutputsAndOptPaths BasicDerivation::outputsAndOptPaths(const Store & store) const {
+    DerivationOutputsAndOptPaths outsAndOptPaths;
+    for (auto output : outputs)
+        outsAndOptPaths.insert(std::make_pair(
+            output.first,
+            std::make_pair(output.second, output.second.pathOpt(store, name, output.first))
+            )
+        );
+    return outsAndOptPaths;
+}
 
 std::string_view BasicDerivation::nameFromPath(const StorePath & drvPath) {
     auto nameWithSuffix = drvPath.name();
diff --git a/src/libstore/derivations.hh b/src/libstore/derivations.hh
index f97e601cb..49374d046 100644
--- a/src/libstore/derivations.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/derivations.hh
@@ -48,11 +48,23 @@ struct DerivationOutput
         DerivationOutputCAFloating
     > output;
     std::optional<HashType> hashAlgoOpt(const Store & store) const;
-    std::optional<StorePath> pathOpt(const Store & store, std::string_view drvName) const;
+    /* Note, when you use this function you should make sure that you're passing
+       the right derivation name. When in doubt, you should use the safer
+       interface provided by BasicDerivation::outputsAndOptPaths */
+    std::optional<StorePath> pathOpt(const Store & store, std::string_view drvName, std::string_view outputName) const;
 };
 
 typedef std::map<string, DerivationOutput> DerivationOutputs;
 
+/* These are analogues to the previous DerivationOutputs data type, but they
+   also contains, for each output, the (optional) store path in which it would
+   be written. To calculate values of these types, see the corresponding
+   functions in BasicDerivation */
+typedef std::map<string, std::pair<DerivationOutput, StorePath>>
+  DerivationOutputsAndPaths;
+typedef std::map<string, std::pair<DerivationOutput, std::optional<StorePath>>>
+  DerivationOutputsAndOptPaths;
+
 /* For inputs that are sub-derivations, we specify exactly which
    output IDs we are interested in. */
 typedef std::map<StorePath, StringSet> DerivationInputs;
@@ -99,6 +111,11 @@ struct BasicDerivation
     /* Return the output names of a derivation. */
     StringSet outputNames() const;
 
+    /* Calculates the maps that contains all the DerivationOutputs, but
+       augmented with knowledge of the Store paths they would be written
+       into. */
+    DerivationOutputsAndOptPaths outputsAndOptPaths(const Store & store) const;
+
     static std::string_view nameFromPath(const StorePath & storePath);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/export-import.cc b/src/libstore/export-import.cc
index a0fc22264..ccd466d09 100644
--- a/src/libstore/export-import.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/export-import.cc
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ void Store::exportPath(const StorePath & path, Sink & sink)
        filesystem corruption from spreading to other machines.
        Don't complain if the stored hash is zero (unknown). */
     Hash hash = hashSink.currentHash().first;
-    if (hash != info->narHash && info->narHash != Hash(info->narHash->type))
+    if (hash != info->narHash && info->narHash != Hash(info->narHash.type))
         throw Error("hash of path '%s' has changed from '%s' to '%s'!",
-            printStorePath(path), info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true), hash.to_string(Base32, true));
+            printStorePath(path), info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true), hash.to_string(Base32, true));
 
     teeSink
         << exportMagic
@@ -69,17 +69,18 @@ StorePaths Store::importPaths(Source & source, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs)
         if (magic != exportMagic)
             throw Error("Nix archive cannot be imported; wrong format");
 
-        ValidPathInfo info(parseStorePath(readString(source)));
+        auto path = parseStorePath(readString(source));
 
         //Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("importing path '%s'") % info.path);
 
-        info.references = readStorePaths<StorePathSet>(*this, source);
-
+        auto references = readStorePaths<StorePathSet>(*this, source);
         auto deriver = readString(source);
+        auto narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *saved.s);
+
+        ValidPathInfo info { path, narHash };
         if (deriver != "")
             info.deriver = parseStorePath(deriver);
-
-        info.narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *saved.s);
+        info.references = references;
         info.narSize = saved.s->size();
 
         // Ignore optional legacy signature.
diff --git a/src/libstore/globals.hh b/src/libstore/globals.hh
index 3406a9331..e3bb4cf84 100644
--- a/src/libstore/globals.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/globals.hh
@@ -335,6 +335,9 @@ public:
         "setuid/setgid bits or with file capabilities."};
 #endif
 
+    Setting<Strings> hashedMirrors{this, {}, "hashed-mirrors",
+        "A list of servers used by builtins.fetchurl to fetch files by hash."};
+
     Setting<uint64_t> minFree{this, 0, "min-free",
         "Automatically run the garbage collector when free disk space drops below the specified amount."};
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc b/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
index c6eeab548..9f95a9726 100644
--- a/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ struct LegacySSHStore : public Store
         try {
             auto conn(connections->get());
 
+            /* No longer support missing NAR hash */
+            assert(GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(conn->remoteVersion) >= 4);
+
             debug("querying remote host '%s' for info on '%s'", host, printStorePath(path));
 
             conn->to << cmdQueryPathInfos << PathSet{printStorePath(path)};
@@ -100,8 +103,10 @@ struct LegacySSHStore : public Store
 
             auto p = readString(conn->from);
             if (p.empty()) return callback(nullptr);
-            auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(parseStorePath(p));
-            assert(path == info->path);
+            auto path2 = parseStorePath(p);
+            assert(path == path2);
+            /* Hash will be set below. FIXME construct ValidPathInfo at end. */
+            auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(path, Hash::dummy);
 
             PathSet references;
             auto deriver = readString(conn->from);
@@ -111,12 +116,14 @@ struct LegacySSHStore : public Store
             readLongLong(conn->from); // download size
             info->narSize = readLongLong(conn->from);
 
-            if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(conn->remoteVersion) >= 4) {
+            {
                 auto s = readString(conn->from);
-                info->narHash = s.empty() ? std::optional<Hash>{} : Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(s);
-                info->ca = parseContentAddressOpt(readString(conn->from));
-                info->sigs = readStrings<StringSet>(conn->from);
+                if (s == "")
+                    throw Error("NAR hash is now mandatory");
+                info->narHash = Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(s);
             }
+            info->ca = parseContentAddressOpt(readString(conn->from));
+            info->sigs = readStrings<StringSet>(conn->from);
 
             auto s = readString(conn->from);
             assert(s == "");
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ struct LegacySSHStore : public Store
                 << cmdAddToStoreNar
                 << printStorePath(info.path)
                 << (info.deriver ? printStorePath(*info.deriver) : "")
-                << info.narHash->to_string(Base16, false);
+                << info.narHash.to_string(Base16, false);
             writeStorePaths(*this, conn->to, info.references);
             conn->to
                 << info.registrationTime
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.cc b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
index 027efc7c9..634a8046b 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ uint64_t LocalStore::addValidPath(State & state,
 
     state.stmtRegisterValidPath.use()
         (printStorePath(info.path))
-        (info.narHash->to_string(Base16, true))
+        (info.narHash.to_string(Base16, true))
         (info.registrationTime == 0 ? time(0) : info.registrationTime)
         (info.deriver ? printStorePath(*info.deriver) : "", (bool) info.deriver)
         (info.narSize, info.narSize != 0)
@@ -637,12 +637,11 @@ uint64_t LocalStore::addValidPath(State & state,
            registration above is undone. */
         if (checkOutputs) checkDerivationOutputs(info.path, drv);
 
-        for (auto & i : drv.outputs) {
+        for (auto & i : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(*this)) {
             /* Floating CA derivations have indeterminate output paths until
                they are built, so don't register anything in that case */
-            auto optPath = i.second.pathOpt(*this, drv.name);
-            if (optPath)
-                linkDeriverToPath(state, id, i.first, *optPath);
+            if (i.second.second)
+                linkDeriverToPath(state, id, i.first, *i.second.second);
         }
     }
 
@@ -660,25 +659,28 @@ void LocalStore::queryPathInfoUncached(const StorePath & path,
     Callback<std::shared_ptr<const ValidPathInfo>> callback) noexcept
 {
     try {
-        auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(path);
-
         callback(retrySQLite<std::shared_ptr<ValidPathInfo>>([&]() {
             auto state(_state.lock());
 
             /* Get the path info. */
-            auto useQueryPathInfo(state->stmtQueryPathInfo.use()(printStorePath(info->path)));
+            auto useQueryPathInfo(state->stmtQueryPathInfo.use()(printStorePath(path)));
 
             if (!useQueryPathInfo.next())
                 return std::shared_ptr<ValidPathInfo>();
 
-            info->id = useQueryPathInfo.getInt(0);
+            auto id = useQueryPathInfo.getInt(0);
 
+            auto narHash = Hash::dummy;
             try {
-                info->narHash = Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(useQueryPathInfo.getStr(1));
+                narHash = Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(useQueryPathInfo.getStr(1));
             } catch (BadHash & e) {
-                throw Error("in valid-path entry for '%s': %s", printStorePath(path), e.what());
+                throw Error("invalid-path entry for '%s': %s", printStorePath(path), e.what());
             }
 
+            auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(path, narHash);
+
+            info->id = id;
+
             info->registrationTime = useQueryPathInfo.getInt(2);
 
             auto s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(state->stmtQueryPathInfo, 3);
@@ -713,7 +715,7 @@ void LocalStore::updatePathInfo(State & state, const ValidPathInfo & info)
 {
     state.stmtUpdatePathInfo.use()
         (info.narSize, info.narSize != 0)
-        (info.narHash->to_string(Base16, true))
+        (info.narHash.to_string(Base16, true))
         (info.ultimate ? 1 : 0, info.ultimate)
         (concatStringsSep(" ", info.sigs), !info.sigs.empty())
         (renderContentAddress(info.ca), (bool) info.ca)
@@ -943,7 +945,7 @@ void LocalStore::registerValidPaths(const ValidPathInfos & infos)
         StorePathSet paths;
 
         for (auto & i : infos) {
-            assert(i.narHash && i.narHash->type == htSHA256);
+            assert(i.narHash.type == htSHA256);
             if (isValidPath_(*state, i.path))
                 updatePathInfo(*state, i);
             else
@@ -1007,9 +1009,6 @@ const PublicKeys & LocalStore::getPublicKeys()
 void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & source,
     RepairFlag repair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs)
 {
-    if (!info.narHash)
-        throw Error("cannot add path '%s' because it lacks a hash", printStorePath(info.path));
-
     if (requireSigs && checkSigs && !info.checkSignatures(*this, getPublicKeys()))
         throw Error("cannot add path '%s' because it lacks a valid signature", printStorePath(info.path));
 
@@ -1044,11 +1043,7 @@ void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & source,
             else
                 hashSink = std::make_unique<HashModuloSink>(htSHA256, std::string(info.path.hashPart()));
 
-            LambdaSource wrapperSource([&](unsigned char * data, size_t len) -> size_t {
-                size_t n = source.read(data, len);
-                (*hashSink)(data, n);
-                return n;
-            });
+            TeeSource wrapperSource { source, *hashSink };
 
             restorePath(realPath, wrapperSource);
 
@@ -1056,7 +1051,7 @@ void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & source,
 
             if (hashResult.first != info.narHash)
                 throw Error("hash mismatch importing path '%s';\n  wanted: %s\n  got:    %s",
-                    printStorePath(info.path), info.narHash->to_string(Base32, true), hashResult.first.to_string(Base32, true));
+                    printStorePath(info.path), info.narHash.to_string(Base32, true), hashResult.first.to_string(Base32, true));
 
             if (hashResult.second != info.narSize)
                 throw Error("size mismatch importing path '%s';\n  wanted: %s\n  got:   %s",
@@ -1178,8 +1173,7 @@ StorePath LocalStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & source0, const string & name,
 
             optimisePath(realPath);
 
-            ValidPathInfo info(dstPath);
-            info.narHash = narHash.first;
+            ValidPathInfo info { dstPath, narHash.first };
             info.narSize = narHash.second;
             info.ca = FixedOutputHash { .method = method, .hash = hash };
             registerValidPath(info);
@@ -1222,8 +1216,7 @@ StorePath LocalStore::addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
 
             optimisePath(realPath);
 
-            ValidPathInfo info(dstPath);
-            info.narHash = narHash;
+            ValidPathInfo info { dstPath, narHash };
             info.narSize = sink.s->size();
             info.references = references;
             info.ca = TextHash { .hash = hash };
@@ -1338,9 +1331,9 @@ bool LocalStore::verifyStore(bool checkContents, RepairFlag repair)
 
                 std::unique_ptr<AbstractHashSink> hashSink;
                 if (!info->ca || !info->references.count(info->path))
-                    hashSink = std::make_unique<HashSink>(info->narHash->type);
+                    hashSink = std::make_unique<HashSink>(info->narHash.type);
                 else
-                    hashSink = std::make_unique<HashModuloSink>(info->narHash->type, std::string(info->path.hashPart()));
+                    hashSink = std::make_unique<HashModuloSink>(info->narHash.type, std::string(info->path.hashPart()));
 
                 dumpPath(Store::toRealPath(i), *hashSink);
                 auto current = hashSink->finish();
@@ -1349,7 +1342,7 @@ bool LocalStore::verifyStore(bool checkContents, RepairFlag repair)
                     logError({
                         .name = "Invalid hash - path modified",
                         .hint = hintfmt("path '%s' was modified! expected hash '%s', got '%s'",
-                        printStorePath(i), info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true), current.first.to_string(Base32, true))
+                        printStorePath(i), info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true), current.first.to_string(Base32, true))
                     });
                     if (repair) repairPath(i); else errors = true;
                 } else {
diff --git a/src/libstore/machines.cc b/src/libstore/machines.cc
index f848582da..7db2556f4 100644
--- a/src/libstore/machines.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/machines.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "machines.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -48,6 +49,29 @@ bool Machine::mandatoryMet(const std::set<string> & features) const {
         });
 }
 
+ref<Store> Machine::openStore() const {
+    Store::Params storeParams;
+    if (hasPrefix(storeUri, "ssh://")) {
+        storeParams["max-connections"] = "1";
+        storeParams["log-fd"] = "4";
+        if (sshKey != "")
+            storeParams["ssh-key"] = sshKey;
+    }
+    {
+        auto & fs = storeParams["system-features"];
+        auto append = [&](auto feats) {
+            for (auto & f : feats) {
+                if (fs.size() > 0) fs += ' ';
+                fs += f;
+            }
+        };
+        append(supportedFeatures);
+        append(mandatoryFeatures);
+    }
+
+    return nix::openStore(storeUri, storeParams);
+}
+
 void parseMachines(const std::string & s, Machines & machines)
 {
     for (auto line : tokenizeString<std::vector<string>>(s, "\n;")) {
diff --git a/src/libstore/machines.hh b/src/libstore/machines.hh
index de92eb924..341d9bd97 100644
--- a/src/libstore/machines.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/machines.hh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
+class Store;
+
 struct Machine {
 
     const string storeUri;
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ struct Machine {
         decltype(supportedFeatures) supportedFeatures,
         decltype(mandatoryFeatures) mandatoryFeatures,
         decltype(sshPublicHostKey) sshPublicHostKey);
+
+    ref<Store> openStore() const;
 };
 
 typedef std::vector<Machine> Machines;
diff --git a/src/libstore/nar-info-disk-cache.cc b/src/libstore/nar-info-disk-cache.cc
index 92da14e23..8541cc51f 100644
--- a/src/libstore/nar-info-disk-cache.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/nar-info-disk-cache.cc
@@ -189,13 +189,14 @@ public:
                 return {oInvalid, 0};
 
             auto namePart = queryNAR.getStr(1);
-            auto narInfo = make_ref<NarInfo>(StorePath(hashPart + "-" + namePart));
+            auto narInfo = make_ref<NarInfo>(
+                StorePath(hashPart + "-" + namePart),
+                Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(queryNAR.getStr(6)));
             narInfo->url = queryNAR.getStr(2);
             narInfo->compression = queryNAR.getStr(3);
             if (!queryNAR.isNull(4))
                 narInfo->fileHash = Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(queryNAR.getStr(4));
             narInfo->fileSize = queryNAR.getInt(5);
-            narInfo->narHash = Hash::parseAnyPrefixed(queryNAR.getStr(6));
             narInfo->narSize = queryNAR.getInt(7);
             for (auto & r : tokenizeString<Strings>(queryNAR.getStr(8), " "))
                 narInfo->references.insert(StorePath(r));
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ public:
                     (narInfo ? narInfo->compression : "", narInfo != 0)
                     (narInfo && narInfo->fileHash ? narInfo->fileHash->to_string(Base32, true) : "", narInfo && narInfo->fileHash)
                     (narInfo ? narInfo->fileSize : 0, narInfo != 0 && narInfo->fileSize)
-                    (info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true))
+                    (info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true))
                     (info->narSize)
                     (concatStringsSep(" ", info->shortRefs()))
                     (info->deriver ? std::string(info->deriver->to_string()) : "", (bool) info->deriver)
diff --git a/src/libstore/nar-info.cc b/src/libstore/nar-info.cc
index 5812aa4ac..3454f34bb 100644
--- a/src/libstore/nar-info.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/nar-info.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #include "globals.hh"
 #include "nar-info.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
 
 namespace nix {
 
 NarInfo::NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string & whence)
-    : ValidPathInfo(StorePath(StorePath::dummy)) // FIXME: hack
+    : ValidPathInfo(StorePath(StorePath::dummy), Hash(Hash::dummy)) // FIXME: hack
 {
     auto corrupt = [&]() {
         return Error("NAR info file '%1%' is corrupt", whence);
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ NarInfo::NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string &
     };
 
     bool havePath = false;
+    bool haveNarHash = false;
 
     size_t pos = 0;
     while (pos < s.size()) {
@@ -46,8 +48,10 @@ NarInfo::NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string &
         else if (name == "FileSize") {
             if (!string2Int(value, fileSize)) throw corrupt();
         }
-        else if (name == "NarHash")
+        else if (name == "NarHash") {
             narHash = parseHashField(value);
+            haveNarHash = true;
+        }
         else if (name == "NarSize") {
             if (!string2Int(value, narSize)) throw corrupt();
         }
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ NarInfo::NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string &
 
     if (compression == "") compression = "bzip2";
 
-    if (!havePath || url.empty() || narSize == 0 || !narHash) throw corrupt();
+    if (!havePath || !haveNarHash || url.empty() || narSize == 0) throw corrupt();
 }
 
 std::string NarInfo::to_string(const Store & store) const
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ std::string NarInfo::to_string(const Store & store) const
     assert(fileHash && fileHash->type == htSHA256);
     res += "FileHash: " + fileHash->to_string(Base32, true) + "\n";
     res += "FileSize: " + std::to_string(fileSize) + "\n";
-    assert(narHash && narHash->type == htSHA256);
-    res += "NarHash: " + narHash->to_string(Base32, true) + "\n";
+    assert(narHash.type == htSHA256);
+    res += "NarHash: " + narHash.to_string(Base32, true) + "\n";
     res += "NarSize: " + std::to_string(narSize) + "\n";
 
     res += "References: " + concatStringsSep(" ", shortRefs()) + "\n";
diff --git a/src/libstore/nar-info.hh b/src/libstore/nar-info.hh
index eff19f0ef..39ced76e5 100644
--- a/src/libstore/nar-info.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/nar-info.hh
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 #include "types.hh"
 #include "hash.hh"
-#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "path-info.hh"
 
 namespace nix {
 
+class Store;
+
 struct NarInfo : ValidPathInfo
 {
     std::string url;
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ struct NarInfo : ValidPathInfo
     std::string system;
 
     NarInfo() = delete;
-    NarInfo(StorePath && path) : ValidPathInfo(std::move(path)) { }
+    NarInfo(StorePath && path, Hash narHash) : ValidPathInfo(std::move(path), narHash) { }
     NarInfo(const ValidPathInfo & info) : ValidPathInfo(info) { }
     NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string & whence);
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.cc b/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.cc
index 24f848e46..e7b7202d4 100644
--- a/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.cc
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ StringSet ParsedDerivation::getRequiredSystemFeatures() const
     return res;
 }
 
-bool ParsedDerivation::canBuildLocally() const
+bool ParsedDerivation::canBuildLocally(Store & localStore) const
 {
     if (drv.platform != settings.thisSystem.get()
         && !settings.extraPlatforms.get().count(drv.platform)
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ bool ParsedDerivation::canBuildLocally() const
         return false;
 
     for (auto & feature : getRequiredSystemFeatures())
-        if (!settings.systemFeatures.get().count(feature)) return false;
+        if (!localStore.systemFeatures.get().count(feature)) return false;
 
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ParsedDerivation::willBuildLocally() const
+bool ParsedDerivation::willBuildLocally(Store & localStore) const
 {
-    return getBoolAttr("preferLocalBuild") && canBuildLocally();
+    return getBoolAttr("preferLocalBuild") && canBuildLocally(localStore);
 }
 
 bool ParsedDerivation::substitutesAllowed() const
diff --git a/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.hh b/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.hh
index 6ee172d81..3fa09f34f 100644
--- a/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/parsed-derivations.hh
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ public:
 
     StringSet getRequiredSystemFeatures() const;
 
-    bool canBuildLocally() const;
+    bool canBuildLocally(Store & localStore) const;
 
-    bool willBuildLocally() const;
+    bool willBuildLocally(Store & localStore) const;
 
     bool substitutesAllowed() const;
 };
diff --git a/src/libstore/path-info.hh b/src/libstore/path-info.hh
index 2a015ea3c..8ff5c466e 100644
--- a/src/libstore/path-info.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/path-info.hh
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "crypto.hh"
 #include "path.hh"
 #include "hash.hh"
 #include "content-address.hh"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ struct ValidPathInfo
     StorePath path;
     std::optional<StorePath> deriver;
     // TODO document this
-    std::optional<Hash> narHash;
+    Hash narHash;
     StorePathSet references;
     time_t registrationTime = 0;
     uint64_t narSize = 0; // 0 = unknown
@@ -100,8 +101,8 @@ struct ValidPathInfo
 
     ValidPathInfo(const ValidPathInfo & other) = default;
 
-    ValidPathInfo(StorePath && path) : path(std::move(path)) { };
-    ValidPathInfo(const StorePath & path) : path(path) { };
+    ValidPathInfo(StorePath && path, Hash narHash) : path(std::move(path)), narHash(narHash) { };
+    ValidPathInfo(const StorePath & path, Hash narHash) : path(path), narHash(narHash) { };
 
     virtual ~ValidPathInfo() { }
 };
diff --git a/src/libstore/remote-store.cc b/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
index e69d15c53..1b1260900 100644
--- a/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
@@ -425,10 +425,10 @@ void RemoteStore::queryPathInfoUncached(const StorePath & path,
                 bool valid; conn->from >> valid;
                 if (!valid) throw InvalidPath("path '%s' is not valid", printStorePath(path));
             }
-            info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(StorePath(path));
             auto deriver = readString(conn->from);
+            auto narHash = Hash::parseAny(readString(conn->from), htSHA256);
+            info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>(path, narHash);
             if (deriver != "") info->deriver = parseStorePath(deriver);
-            info->narHash = Hash::parseAny(readString(conn->from), htSHA256);
             info->references = readStorePaths<StorePathSet>(*this, conn->from);
             conn->from >> info->registrationTime >> info->narSize;
             if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(conn->daemonVersion) >= 16) {
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ void RemoteStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & source,
         conn->to << wopAddToStoreNar
                  << printStorePath(info.path)
                  << (info.deriver ? printStorePath(*info.deriver) : "")
-                 << info.narHash->to_string(Base16, false);
+                 << info.narHash.to_string(Base16, false);
         writeStorePaths(*this, conn->to, info.references);
         conn->to << info.registrationTime << info.narSize
                  << info.ultimate << info.sigs << renderContentAddress(info.ca)
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.cc b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
index 63accd514..1f10f0663 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
@@ -327,8 +327,10 @@ ValidPathInfo Store::addToStoreSlow(std::string_view name, const Path & srcPath,
     if (expectedCAHash && expectedCAHash != hash)
         throw Error("hash mismatch for '%s'", srcPath);
 
-    ValidPathInfo info(makeFixedOutputPath(method, hash, name));
-    info.narHash = narHash;
+    ValidPathInfo info {
+        makeFixedOutputPath(method, hash, name),
+        narHash,
+    };
     info.narSize = narSize;
     info.ca = FixedOutputHash { .method = method, .hash = hash };
 
@@ -583,7 +585,7 @@ string Store::makeValidityRegistration(const StorePathSet & paths,
         auto info = queryPathInfo(i);
 
         if (showHash) {
-            s += info->narHash->to_string(Base16, false) + "\n";
+            s += info->narHash.to_string(Base16, false) + "\n";
             s += (format("%1%\n") % info->narSize).str();
         }
 
@@ -615,7 +617,7 @@ void Store::pathInfoToJSON(JSONPlaceholder & jsonOut, const StorePathSet & store
             auto info = queryPathInfo(storePath);
 
             jsonPath
-                .attr("narHash", info->narHash->to_string(hashBase, true))
+                .attr("narHash", info->narHash.to_string(hashBase, true))
                 .attr("narSize", info->narSize);
 
             {
@@ -743,20 +745,6 @@ void copyStorePath(ref<Store> srcStore, ref<Store> dstStore,
         info = info2;
     }
 
-    if (!info->narHash) {
-        StringSink sink;
-        srcStore->narFromPath({storePath}, sink);
-        auto info2 = make_ref<ValidPathInfo>(*info);
-        info2->narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *sink.s);
-        if (!info->narSize) info2->narSize = sink.s->size();
-        if (info->ultimate) info2->ultimate = false;
-        info = info2;
-
-        StringSource source(*sink.s);
-        dstStore->addToStore(*info, source, repair, checkSigs);
-        return;
-    }
-
     if (info->ultimate) {
         auto info2 = make_ref<ValidPathInfo>(*info);
         info2->ultimate = false;
@@ -764,12 +752,12 @@ void copyStorePath(ref<Store> srcStore, ref<Store> dstStore,
     }
 
     auto source = sinkToSource([&](Sink & sink) {
-        LambdaSink wrapperSink([&](const unsigned char * data, size_t len) {
-            sink(data, len);
+        LambdaSink progressSink([&](const unsigned char * data, size_t len) {
             total += len;
             act.progress(total, info->narSize);
         });
-        srcStore->narFromPath(storePath, wrapperSink);
+        TeeSink tee { sink, progressSink };
+        srcStore->narFromPath(storePath, tee);
     }, [&]() {
            throw EndOfFile("NAR for '%s' fetched from '%s' is incomplete", srcStore->printStorePath(storePath), srcStore->getUri());
     });
@@ -881,19 +869,22 @@ void copyClosure(ref<Store> srcStore, ref<Store> dstStore,
 }
 
 
-std::optional<ValidPathInfo> decodeValidPathInfo(const Store & store, std::istream & str, bool hashGiven)
+std::optional<ValidPathInfo> decodeValidPathInfo(const Store & store, std::istream & str, std::optional<HashResult> hashGiven)
 {
     std::string path;
     getline(str, path);
     if (str.eof()) { return {}; }
-    ValidPathInfo info(store.parseStorePath(path));
-    if (hashGiven) {
+    if (!hashGiven) {
         string s;
         getline(str, s);
-        info.narHash = Hash::parseAny(s, htSHA256);
+        auto narHash = Hash::parseAny(s, htSHA256);
         getline(str, s);
-        if (!string2Int(s, info.narSize)) throw Error("number expected");
+        uint64_t narSize;
+        if (!string2Int(s, narSize)) throw Error("number expected");
+        hashGiven = { narHash, narSize };
     }
+    ValidPathInfo info(store.parseStorePath(path), hashGiven->first);
+    info.narSize = hashGiven->second;
     std::string deriver;
     getline(str, deriver);
     if (deriver != "") info.deriver = store.parseStorePath(deriver);
@@ -928,12 +919,12 @@ string showPaths(const PathSet & paths)
 
 std::string ValidPathInfo::fingerprint(const Store & store) const
 {
-    if (narSize == 0 || !narHash)
-        throw Error("cannot calculate fingerprint of path '%s' because its size/hash is not known",
+    if (narSize == 0)
+        throw Error("cannot calculate fingerprint of path '%s' because its size is not known",
             store.printStorePath(path));
     return
         "1;" + store.printStorePath(path) + ";"
-        + narHash->to_string(Base32, true) + ";"
+        + narHash.to_string(Base32, true) + ";"
         + std::to_string(narSize) + ";"
         + concatStringsSep(",", store.printStorePathSet(references));
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.hh b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
index 943f08211..58e9b16c6 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "hash.hh"
 #include "content-address.hh"
 #include "serialise.hh"
-#include "crypto.hh"
 #include "lru-cache.hh"
 #include "sync.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
@@ -164,6 +163,10 @@ public:
 
     Setting<bool> wantMassQuery{this, false, "want-mass-query", "whether this substituter can be queried efficiently for path validity"};
 
+    Setting<StringSet> systemFeatures{this, settings.systemFeatures,
+        "system-features",
+        "Optional features that the system this store builds on implements (like \"kvm\")."};
+
 protected:
 
     struct PathInfoCacheValue {
@@ -769,7 +772,7 @@ string showPaths(const PathSet & paths);
 std::optional<ValidPathInfo> decodeValidPathInfo(
     const Store & store,
     std::istream & str,
-    bool hashGiven = false);
+    std::optional<HashResult> hashGiven = std::nullopt);
 
 /* Split URI into protocol+hierarchy part and its parameter set. */
 std::pair<std::string, Store::Params> splitUriAndParams(const std::string & uri);
diff --git a/src/libutil/archive.cc b/src/libutil/archive.cc
index ce7cf9754..14399dea3 100644
--- a/src/libutil/archive.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/archive.cc
@@ -366,11 +366,7 @@ void copyNAR(Source & source, Sink & sink)
 
     ParseSink parseSink; /* null sink; just parse the NAR */
 
-    LambdaSource wrapper([&](unsigned char * data, size_t len) {
-        auto n = source.read(data, len);
-        sink(data, n);
-        return n;
-    });
+    TeeSource wrapper { source, sink };
 
     parseDump(parseSink, wrapper);
 }
diff --git a/src/libutil/hash.cc b/src/libutil/hash.cc
index dfb3668f1..4a94f0dfd 100644
--- a/src/libutil/hash.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/hash.cc
@@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ std::string Hash::to_string(Base base, bool includeType) const
     return s;
 }
 
+Hash Hash::dummy(htSHA256);
+
 Hash Hash::parseSRI(std::string_view original) {
     auto rest = original;
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/hash.hh b/src/libutil/hash.hh
index 00ce7bb6f..6d6eb70ca 100644
--- a/src/libutil/hash.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/hash.hh
@@ -59,9 +59,6 @@ private:
     Hash(std::string_view s, HashType type, bool isSRI);
 
 public:
-    /* Check whether a hash is set. */
-    operator bool () const { return (bool) type; }
-
     /* Check whether two hash are equal. */
     bool operator == (const Hash & h2) const;
 
@@ -105,6 +102,8 @@ public:
         assert(type == htSHA1);
         return std::string(to_string(Base16, false), 0, 7);
     }
+
+    static Hash dummy;
 };
 
 /* Helper that defaults empty hashes to the 0 hash. */
diff --git a/src/libutil/serialise.hh b/src/libutil/serialise.hh
index 3650857aa..5309828bc 100644
--- a/src/libutil/serialise.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/serialise.hh
@@ -231,6 +231,17 @@ struct SizedSource : Source
     }
 };
 
+/* A sink that that just counts the number of bytes given to it */
+struct LengthSink : Sink
+{
+    uint64_t length = 0;
+
+    virtual void operator () (const unsigned char * _, size_t len)
+    {
+        length += len;
+    }
+};
+
 /* Convert a function into a sink. */
 struct LambdaSink : Sink
 {
diff --git a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
index bcb86cbce..cfa634a44 100644
--- a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
+++ b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
@@ -239,7 +239,15 @@ static void daemonLoop(char * * argv)
                 //  Handle the connection.
                 FdSource from(remote.get());
                 FdSink to(remote.get());
-                processConnection(openUncachedStore(), from, to, trusted, NotRecursive, user, peer.uid);
+                processConnection(openUncachedStore(), from, to, trusted, NotRecursive, [&](Store & store) {
+#if 0
+                    /* Prevent users from doing something very dangerous. */
+                    if (geteuid() == 0 &&
+                        querySetting("build-users-group", "") == "")
+                        throw Error("if you run 'nix-daemon' as root, then you MUST set 'build-users-group'!");
+#endif
+                    store.createUser(user, peer.uid);
+                });
 
                 exit(0);
             }, options);
@@ -324,7 +332,10 @@ static int _main(int argc, char * * argv)
             } else {
                 FdSource from(STDIN_FILENO);
                 FdSink to(STDOUT_FILENO);
-                processConnection(openUncachedStore(), from, to, Trusted, NotRecursive, "root", 0);
+                /* Auth hook is empty because in this mode we blindly trust the
+                   standard streams. Limitting access to thoses is explicitly
+                   not `nix-daemon`'s responsibility. */
+                processConnection(openUncachedStore(), from, to, Trusted, NotRecursive, [&](Store & _){});
             }
         } else {
             daemonLoop(argv);
diff --git a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
index 9eadf62e4..cfe97f061 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
+++ b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
@@ -222,11 +222,10 @@ static StorePathSet maybeUseOutputs(const StorePath & storePath, bool useOutput,
         StorePathSet outputs;
         if (forceRealise)
             return store->queryDerivationOutputs(storePath);
-        for (auto & i : drv.outputs) {
-            auto optPath = i.second.pathOpt(*store, drv.name);
-            if (!optPath)
+        for (auto & i : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(*store)) {
+            if (!i.second.second)
                 throw UsageError("Cannot use output path of floating content-addressed derivation until we know what it is (e.g. by building it)");
-            outputs.insert(*optPath);
+            outputs.insert(*i.second.second);
         }
         return outputs;
     }
@@ -378,8 +377,8 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 for (auto & j : maybeUseOutputs(store->followLinksToStorePath(i), useOutput, forceRealise)) {
                     auto info = store->queryPathInfo(j);
                     if (query == qHash) {
-                        assert(info->narHash && info->narHash->type == htSHA256);
-                        cout << fmt("%s\n", info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true));
+                        assert(info->narHash.type == htSHA256);
+                        cout << fmt("%s\n", info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true));
                     } else if (query == qSize)
                         cout << fmt("%d\n", info->narSize);
                 }
@@ -501,7 +500,10 @@ static void registerValidity(bool reregister, bool hashGiven, bool canonicalise)
     ValidPathInfos infos;
 
     while (1) {
-        auto info = decodeValidPathInfo(*store, cin, hashGiven);
+        // We use a dummy value because we'll set it below. FIXME be correct by
+        // construction and avoid dummy value.
+        auto hashResultOpt = !hashGiven ? std::optional<HashResult> { {Hash::dummy, -1} } : std::nullopt;
+        auto info = decodeValidPathInfo(*store, cin, hashResultOpt);
         if (!info) break;
         if (!store->isValidPath(info->path) || reregister) {
             /* !!! races */
@@ -729,7 +731,7 @@ static void opVerifyPath(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         auto path = store->followLinksToStorePath(i);
         printMsg(lvlTalkative, "checking path '%s'...", store->printStorePath(path));
         auto info = store->queryPathInfo(path);
-        HashSink sink(info->narHash->type);
+        HashSink sink(info->narHash.type);
         store->narFromPath(path, sink);
         auto current = sink.finish();
         if (current.first != info->narHash) {
@@ -738,7 +740,7 @@ static void opVerifyPath(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 .hint = hintfmt(
                     "path '%s' was modified! expected hash '%s', got '%s'",
                     store->printStorePath(path),
-                    info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true),
+                    info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true),
                     current.first.to_string(Base32, true))
             });
             status = 1;
@@ -868,7 +870,7 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                         out << info->narSize // downloadSize
                             << info->narSize;
                         if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 4)
-                            out << (info->narHash ? info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true) : "")
+                            out << info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true)
                                 << renderContentAddress(info->ca)
                                 << info->sigs;
                     } catch (InvalidPath &) {
@@ -950,11 +952,13 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 if (!writeAllowed) throw Error("importing paths is not allowed");
 
                 auto path = readString(in);
-                ValidPathInfo info(store->parseStorePath(path));
                 auto deriver = readString(in);
+                ValidPathInfo info {
+                    store->parseStorePath(path),
+                    Hash::parseAny(readString(in), htSHA256),
+                };
                 if (deriver != "")
                     info.deriver = store->parseStorePath(deriver);
-                info.narHash = Hash::parseAny(readString(in), htSHA256);
                 info.references = readStorePaths<StorePathSet>(*store, in);
                 in >> info.registrationTime >> info.narSize >> info.ultimate;
                 info.sigs = readStrings<StringSet>(in);
diff --git a/src/nix/add-to-store.cc b/src/nix/add-to-store.cc
index e183cb8b5..713155840 100644
--- a/src/nix/add-to-store.cc
+++ b/src/nix/add-to-store.cc
@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ struct CmdAddToStore : MixDryRun, StoreCommand
             hash = hsink.finish().first;
         }
 
-        ValidPathInfo info(store->makeFixedOutputPath(ingestionMethod, hash, *namePart));
-        info.narHash = narHash;
+        ValidPathInfo info {
+            store->makeFixedOutputPath(ingestionMethod, hash, *namePart),
+            narHash,
+        };
         info.narSize = sink.s->size();
         info.ca = std::optional { FixedOutputHash {
             .method = ingestionMethod,
diff --git a/src/nix/installables.cc b/src/nix/installables.cc
index 2ff94cd38..c3c3b9a12 100644
--- a/src/nix/installables.cc
+++ b/src/nix/installables.cc
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ struct InstallableStorePath : Installable
         if (storePath.isDerivation()) {
             std::map<std::string, std::optional<StorePath>> outputs;
             auto drv = store->readDerivation(storePath);
-            for (auto & [name, output] : drv.outputs)
-                outputs.emplace(name, output.pathOpt(*store, drv.name));
+            for (auto & [name, output] : drv.outputsAndOptPaths(*store))
+                outputs.emplace(name, output.second);
             return {
                 BuildableFromDrv {
                     .drvPath = storePath,
diff --git a/src/nix/make-content-addressable.cc b/src/nix/make-content-addressable.cc
index 2fe2e2fb2..38b60fc38 100644
--- a/src/nix/make-content-addressable.cc
+++ b/src/nix/make-content-addressable.cc
@@ -77,14 +77,16 @@ struct CmdMakeContentAddressable : StorePathsCommand, MixJSON
 
             auto narHash = hashModuloSink.finish().first;
 
-            ValidPathInfo info(store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, narHash, path.name(), references, hasSelfReference));
+            ValidPathInfo info {
+                store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, narHash, path.name(), references, hasSelfReference),
+                narHash,
+            };
             info.references = std::move(references);
             if (hasSelfReference) info.references.insert(info.path);
-            info.narHash = narHash;
             info.narSize = sink.s->size();
             info.ca = FixedOutputHash {
                 .method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive,
-                .hash = *info.narHash,
+                .hash = info.narHash,
             };
 
             if (!json)
diff --git a/src/nix/profile.cc b/src/nix/profile.cc
index be002519a..9172fd34c 100644
--- a/src/nix/profile.cc
+++ b/src/nix/profile.cc
@@ -129,11 +129,13 @@ struct ProfileManifest
 
         auto narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *sink.s);
 
-        ValidPathInfo info(store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, narHash, "profile", references));
+        ValidPathInfo info {
+            store->makeFixedOutputPath(FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, narHash, "profile", references),
+            narHash,
+        };
         info.references = std::move(references);
-        info.narHash = narHash;
         info.narSize = sink.s->size();
-        info.ca = FixedOutputHash { .method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, .hash = *info.narHash };
+        info.ca = FixedOutputHash { .method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, .hash = info.narHash };
 
         auto source = StringSource { *sink.s };
         store->addToStore(info, source);
diff --git a/src/nix/show-derivation.cc b/src/nix/show-derivation.cc
index b204b2d4c..cc52e53fb 100644
--- a/src/nix/show-derivation.cc
+++ b/src/nix/show-derivation.cc
@@ -67,21 +67,21 @@ struct CmdShowDerivation : InstallablesCommand
 
             {
                 auto outputsObj(drvObj.object("outputs"));
-                for (auto & output : drv.outputs) {
-                    auto outputObj(outputsObj.object(output.first));
+                for (auto & [outputName, output] : drv.outputs) {
+                    auto outputObj { outputsObj.object(outputName) };
                     std::visit(overloaded {
                         [&](DerivationOutputInputAddressed doi) {
                             outputObj.attr("path", store->printStorePath(doi.path));
                         },
                         [&](DerivationOutputCAFixed dof) {
-                            outputObj.attr("path", store->printStorePath(dof.path(*store, drv.name, output.first)));
+                            outputObj.attr("path", store->printStorePath(dof.path(*store, drv.name, outputName)));
                             outputObj.attr("hashAlgo", dof.hash.printMethodAlgo());
                             outputObj.attr("hash", dof.hash.hash.to_string(Base16, false));
                         },
                         [&](DerivationOutputCAFloating dof) {
                             outputObj.attr("hashAlgo", makeFileIngestionPrefix(dof.method) + printHashType(dof.hashType));
                         },
-                    }, output.second.output);
+                    }, output.output);
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/nix/verify.cc b/src/nix/verify.cc
index fc7a9765c..26f755fd9 100644
--- a/src/nix/verify.cc
+++ b/src/nix/verify.cc
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ struct CmdVerify : StorePathsCommand
 
                     std::unique_ptr<AbstractHashSink> hashSink;
                     if (!info->ca)
-                        hashSink = std::make_unique<HashSink>(info->narHash->type);
+                        hashSink = std::make_unique<HashSink>(info->narHash.type);
                     else
-                        hashSink = std::make_unique<HashModuloSink>(info->narHash->type, std::string(info->path.hashPart()));
+                        hashSink = std::make_unique<HashModuloSink>(info->narHash.type, std::string(info->path.hashPart()));
 
                     store->narFromPath(info->path, *hashSink);
 
                     auto hash = hashSink->finish();
 
-                    if (hash.first != *info->narHash) {
+                    if (hash.first != info->narHash) {
                         corrupted++;
                         act2.result(resCorruptedPath, store->printStorePath(info->path));
                         logError({
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct CmdVerify : StorePathsCommand
                             .hint = hintfmt(
                                 "path '%s' was modified! expected hash '%s', got '%s'",
                                 store->printStorePath(info->path),
-                                info->narHash->to_string(Base32, true),
+                                info->narHash.to_string(Base32, true),
                                 hash.first.to_string(Base32, true))
                         });
                     }
diff --git a/tests/build-hook.nix b/tests/build-hook.nix
index a19c10dde..1bd0b759f 100644
--- a/tests/build-hook.nix
+++ b/tests/build-hook.nix
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ let
     shell = busybox;
     name = "build-remote-input-2";
     buildCommand = "echo BAR > $out";
+    requiredSystemFeatures = ["bar"];
   };
 
 in
@@ -34,6 +35,6 @@ in
       ''
         read x < ${input1}
         read y < ${input2}
-        echo $x$y > $out
+        echo "$x $y" > $out
       '';
   }
diff --git a/tests/build-remote.sh b/tests/build-remote.sh
index 4dfb753e1..7638f536f 100644
--- a/tests/build-remote.sh
+++ b/tests/build-remote.sh
@@ -1,31 +1,36 @@
 source common.sh
 
-clearStore
-
 if ! canUseSandbox; then exit; fi
 if ! [[ $busybox =~ busybox ]]; then exit; fi
 
-chmod -R u+w $TEST_ROOT/machine0 || true
-chmod -R u+w $TEST_ROOT/machine1 || true
-chmod -R u+w $TEST_ROOT/machine2 || true
-rm -rf $TEST_ROOT/machine0 $TEST_ROOT/machine1 $TEST_ROOT/machine2
-rm -f $TEST_ROOT/result
-
 unset NIX_STORE_DIR
 unset NIX_STATE_DIR
 
+function join_by { local d=$1; shift; echo -n "$1"; shift; printf "%s" "${@/#/$d}"; }
+
+builders=(
+  # system-features will automatically be added to the outer URL, but not inner
+  # remote-store URL.
+  "ssh://localhost?remote-store=$TEST_ROOT/machine1?system-features=foo - - 1 1 foo"
+  "$TEST_ROOT/machine2 - - 1 1 bar"
+)
+
 # Note: ssh://localhost bypasses ssh, directly invoking nix-store as a
 # child process. This allows us to test LegacySSHStore::buildDerivation().
+# ssh-ng://... likewise allows us to test RemoteStore::buildDerivation().
 nix build -L -v -f build-hook.nix -o $TEST_ROOT/result --max-jobs 0 \
   --arg busybox $busybox \
   --store $TEST_ROOT/machine0 \
-  --builders "ssh://localhost?remote-store=$TEST_ROOT/machine1; $TEST_ROOT/machine2 - - 1 1 foo" \
-  --system-features foo
+  --builders "$(join_by '; ' "${builders[@]}")"
 
 outPath=$(readlink -f $TEST_ROOT/result)
 
-cat $TEST_ROOT/machine0/$outPath | grep FOOBAR
+grep 'FOO BAR' $TEST_ROOT/machine0/$outPath
+
+# Ensure that input1 was built on store1 due to the required feature.
+(! nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine2 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-1.sh)
+nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine1 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-1.sh
 
-# Ensure that input1 was built on store2 due to the required feature.
-(! nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine1 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-1.sh)
-nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine2 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-1.sh
+# Ensure that input2 was built on store2 due to the required feature.
+(! nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine1 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-2.sh)
+nix path-info --store $TEST_ROOT/machine2 --all | grep builder-build-remote-input-2.sh
diff --git a/tests/local.mk b/tests/local.mk
index 4f4e63a5a..aeb0f520f 100644
--- a/tests/local.mk
+++ b/tests/local.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 nix_tests = \
-  init.sh hash.sh lang.sh add.sh simple.sh dependencies.sh \
+  hash.sh lang.sh add.sh simple.sh dependencies.sh \
   config.sh \
   gc.sh \
   gc-concurrent.sh \
diff --git a/tests/remote-store.sh b/tests/remote-store.sh
index 4cc73465a..3a61946f9 100644
--- a/tests/remote-store.sh
+++ b/tests/remote-store.sh
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ source common.sh
 
 clearStore
 
+# Ensure "fake ssh" remote store works just as legacy fake ssh would.
+nix --store ssh-ng://localhost?remote-store=$TEST_ROOT/other-store doctor
+
 startDaemon
 
 storeCleared=1 NIX_REMOTE_=$NIX_REMOTE $SHELL ./user-envs.sh