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authorJohn Ericson <John.Ericson@Obsidian.Systems>2020-09-01 18:01:48 +0000
committerJohn Ericson <John.Ericson@Obsidian.Systems>2020-09-01 18:01:48 +0000
commitef278d00f92cddba48a463a38107276b029dd66b (patch)
treebe87cd383b0bf9610f63e45258614f99c6ed62c2 /doc/manual/src/release-notes/rl-0.8.md
parent8017fe7487ff545ac7be68bd7b339fffffa12b8f (diff)
parent6d7f7efb896c482ff6e7ce6c105e4dd3f7ee7218 (diff)
Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into single-ca-drv-build
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+# Release 0.8 (2005-04-11)
+
+NOTE: the hashing scheme in Nix 0.8 changed (as detailed below). As a
+result, `nix-pull` manifests and channels built for Nix 0.7 and below
+will not work anymore. However, the Nix expression language has not
+changed, so you can still build from source. Also, existing user
+environments continue to work. Nix 0.8 will automatically upgrade the
+database schema of previous installations when it is first run.
+
+If you get the error message
+
+ you have an old-style manifest `/nix/var/nix/manifests/[...]'; please
+ delete it
+
+you should delete previously downloaded manifests:
+
+ $ rm /nix/var/nix/manifests/*
+
+If `nix-channel` gives the error message
+
+ manifest `http://catamaran.labs.cs.uu.nl/dist/nix/channels/[channel]/MANIFEST'
+ is too old (i.e., for Nix <= 0.7)
+
+then you should unsubscribe from the offending channel (`nix-channel
+--remove
+URL`; leave out `/MANIFEST`), and subscribe to the same URL, with
+`channels` replaced by `channels-v3` (e.g.,
+<http://catamaran.labs.cs.uu.nl/dist/nix/channels-v3/nixpkgs-unstable>).
+
+Nix 0.8 has the following improvements:
+
+ - The cryptographic hashes used in store paths are now 160 bits long,
+ but encoded in base-32 so that they are still only 32 characters
+ long (e.g.,
+ `/nix/store/csw87wag8bqlqk7ipllbwypb14xainap-atk-1.9.0`). (This is
+ actually a 160 bit truncation of a SHA-256 hash.)
+
+ - Big cleanups and simplifications of the basic store semantics. The
+ notion of “closure store expressions” is gone (and so is the notion
+ of “successors”); the file system references of a store path are now
+ just stored in the database.
+
+ For instance, given any store path, you can query its closure:
+
+ $ nix-store -qR $(which firefox)
+ ... lots of paths ...
+
+ Also, Nix now remembers for each store path the derivation that
+ built it (the “deriver”):
+
+ $ nix-store -qR $(which firefox)
+ /nix/store/4b0jx7vq80l9aqcnkszxhymsf1ffa5jd-firefox-1.0.1.drv
+
+ So to see the build-time dependencies, you can do
+
+ $ nix-store -qR $(nix-store -qd $(which firefox))
+
+ or, in a nicer format:
+
+ $ nix-store -q --tree $(nix-store -qd $(which firefox))
+
+ File system references are also stored in reverse. For instance, you
+ can query all paths that directly or indirectly use a certain Glibc:
+
+ $ nix-store -q --referrers-closure \
+ /nix/store/8lz9yc6zgmc0vlqmn2ipcpkjlmbi51vv-glibc-2.3.4
+
+ - The concept of fixed-output derivations has been formalised.
+ Previously, functions such as `fetchurl` in Nixpkgs used a hack
+ (namely, explicitly specifying a store path hash) to prevent changes
+ to, say, the URL of the file from propagating upwards through the
+ dependency graph, causing rebuilds of everything. This can now be
+ done cleanly by specifying the `outputHash` and `outputHashAlgo`
+ attributes. Nix itself checks that the content of the output has the
+ specified hash. (This is important for maintaining certain
+ invariants necessary for future work on secure shared stores.)
+
+ - One-click installation :-) It is now possible to install any
+ top-level component in Nixpkgs directly, through the web — see,
+ e.g., <http://catamaran.labs.cs.uu.nl/dist/nixpkgs-0.8/>. All you
+ have to do is associate `/nix/bin/nix-install-package` with the MIME
+ type `application/nix-package` (or the extension `.nixpkg`), and
+ clicking on a package link will cause it to be installed, with all
+ appropriate dependencies. If you just want to install some specific
+ application, this is easier than subscribing to a channel.
+
+ - `nix-store -r
+ PATHS` now builds all the derivations PATHS in parallel. Previously
+ it did them sequentially (though exploiting possible parallelism
+ between subderivations). This is nice for build farms.
+
+ - `nix-channel` has new operations `--list` and `--remove`.
+
+ - New ways of installing components into user environments:
+
+ - Copy from another user environment:
+
+ $ nix-env -i --from-profile .../other-profile firefox
+
+ - Install a store derivation directly (bypassing the Nix
+ expression language entirely):
+
+ $ nix-env -i /nix/store/z58v41v21xd3...-aterm-2.3.1.drv
+
+ (This is used to implement `nix-install-package`, which is
+ therefore immune to evolution in the Nix expression language.)
+
+ - Install an already built store path directly:
+
+ $ nix-env -i /nix/store/hsyj5pbn0d9i...-aterm-2.3.1
+
+ - Install the result of a Nix expression specified as a
+ command-line argument:
+
+ $ nix-env -f .../i686-linux.nix -i -E 'x: x.firefoxWrapper'
+
+ The difference with the normal installation mode is that `-E`
+ does not use the `name` attributes of derivations. Therefore,
+ this can be used to disambiguate multiple derivations with the
+ same name.
+
+ - A hash of the contents of a store path is now stored in the database
+ after a successful build. This allows you to check whether store
+ paths have been tampered with: `nix-store
+ --verify --check-contents`.
+
+ - Implemented a concurrent garbage collector. It is now always safe to
+ run the garbage collector, even if other Nix operations are
+ happening simultaneously.
+
+ However, there can still be GC races if you use `nix-instantiate`
+ and `nix-store
+ --realise` directly to build things. To prevent races, use the
+ `--add-root` flag of those commands.
+
+ - The garbage collector now finally deletes paths in the right order
+ (i.e., topologically sorted under the “references” relation), thus
+ making it safe to interrupt the collector without risking a store
+ that violates the closure invariant.
+
+ - Likewise, the substitute mechanism now downloads files in the right
+ order, thus preserving the closure invariant at all times.
+
+ - The result of `nix-build` is now registered as a root of the garbage
+ collector. If the `./result` link is deleted, the GC root disappears
+ automatically.
+
+ - The behaviour of the garbage collector can be changed globally by
+ setting options in `/nix/etc/nix/nix.conf`.
+
+ - `gc-keep-derivations` specifies whether deriver links should be
+ followed when searching for live paths.
+
+ - `gc-keep-outputs` specifies whether outputs of derivations
+ should be followed when searching for live paths.
+
+ - `env-keep-derivations` specifies whether user environments
+ should store the paths of derivations when they are added (thus
+ keeping the derivations alive).
+
+ - New `nix-env` query flags `--drv-path` and `--out-path`.
+
+ - `fetchurl` allows SHA-1 and SHA-256 in addition to MD5. Just specify
+ the attribute `sha1` or `sha256` instead of `md5`.
+
+ - Manual updates.