Fix segfault or stack overflow caused by large derivation fields

This removes a dynamic stack allocation, making the derivation
unparsing logic robust against overflows when large strings are
added to a derivation.
Overflow behavior depends on the platform and stack configuration.

For instance, x86_64-linux/glibc behaves as (somewhat) expected:

$ (ulimit -s 20000; nix-instantiate tests/lang/eval-okay-big-derivation-attr.nix)
error: stack overflow (possible infinite recursion)

$ (ulimit -s 40000; nix-instantiate tests/lang/eval-okay-big-derivation-attr.nix)
error: expression does not evaluate to a derivation (or a set or list of those)

However, on aarch64-darwin:

$ nix-instantiate big-attr.nix                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ~
zsh: segmentation fault  nix-instantiate big-attr.nix

This indicates a slight flaw in the single stack protection page
approach that is not encountered with normal stack frames.

1 files changed, 13 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/big-derivation-attr.nix b/tests/big-derivation-attr.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35c1187f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/big-derivation-attr.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+let
+  sixteenBytes = "0123456789abcdef";
+  times16 = s: builtins.concatStringsSep "" [s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s];
+  exp = n: x: if n == 1 then x else times16 (exp (n - 1) x);
+  sixteenMegabyte = exp 6 sixteenBytes;
+in
+assert builtins.stringLength sixteenMegabyte == 16777216;
+derivation {
+  name = "big-derivation-attr";
+  builder = "/x";
+  system = "y";
+  bigAttr = sixteenMegabyte;
+}