Put functional tests in `tests/functional`

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c737571794f7246db53fb4774e94fcf4b7e)

1 files changed, 7 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/functional/ca/nix-run.sh b/tests/functional/ca/nix-run.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f46518e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/ca/nix-run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+source common.sh
+
+FLAKE_PATH=path:$PWD
+
+nix run --no-write-lock-file $FLAKE_PATH#runnable