Put functional tests in `tests/functional`

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c737571794f7246db53fb4774e94fcf4b7e)

2 files changed, 53 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/command.sh b/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/command.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69366486c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/command.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+export NIX_BIN_DIR=$(dirname $(type -p nix))
+# TODO Get Nix and its closure more flexibly
+export EXTRA_SANDBOX="/nix/store $(dirname $NIX_BIN_DIR)"
+
+badStoreUrl () {
+    local altitude=$1
+    echo $TEST_ROOT/store-$altitude
+}
+
+goodStoreUrl () {
+    local altitude=$1
+    echo $("badStoreUrl" "$altitude")?store=/foo-$altitude
+}
+
+# The non-standard sandbox-build-dir helps ensure that we get the same behavior
+# whether this test is being run in a derivation as part of the nix build or
+# being manually run by a developer outside a derivation
+runNixBuild () {
+    local storeFun=$1
+    local altitude=$2
+    nix-build \
+        --no-substitute --no-out-link \
+        --store "$("$storeFun" "$altitude")" \
+        --extra-sandbox-paths "$EXTRA_SANDBOX" \
+        ./nested-sandboxing/runner.nix \
+        --arg altitude "$((altitude - 1))" \
+        --argstr storeFun "$storeFun" \
+        --sandbox-build-dir /build-non-standard
+}
diff --git a/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/runner.nix b/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/runner.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a5822c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/nested-sandboxing/runner.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{ altitude, storeFun }:
+
+with import ../config.nix;
+
+mkDerivation {
+  name = "nested-sandboxing";
+  busybox = builtins.getEnv "busybox";
+  EXTRA_SANDBOX = builtins.getEnv "EXTRA_SANDBOX";
+  buildCommand = if altitude == 0 then ''
+    echo Deep enough! > $out
+  '' else ''
+    cp -r ${../common} ./common
+    cp ${../common.sh} ./common.sh
+    cp ${../config.nix} ./config.nix
+    cp -r ${./.} ./nested-sandboxing
+
+    export PATH=${builtins.getEnv "NIX_BIN_DIR"}:$PATH
+
+    source common.sh
+    source ./nested-sandboxing/command.sh
+
+    runNixBuild ${storeFun} ${toString altitude} >> $out
+  '';
+}